Initial TypeScript implementation and tests with NestJS

3 months ago · 800fb66a65
49 changed files with 6724 additions and 511 deletions
--- a/nestjs/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/nestjs/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@ -22,5 +22,5 @@
    },
    "forwardPorts": [3000],
    "remoteUser": "developer",
-    "postCreateCommand": "sudo chown -R developer:developer /usr/src/app && npm install"
+    "postCreateCommand": "sudo chown -R developer:1000 /usr/src/app && npm install"
 }
--- a/nestjs/PLAN-DDD.md
+++ b/nestjs/PLAN-DDD.md
--- a/nestjs/PLAN.md
+++ b/nestjs/PLAN.md
@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+# NestJS Implementation Plan for AutoStore
+
+## Overview
+Implementation of AutoStore system using NestJS with TypeScript, following Clean Architecture principles. The system stores items with expiration dates and automatically orders new items when they expire.
+
+## Architecture Approach
+- **Clean Architecture** with clear separation of concerns
+- **Domain-Driven Design** with rich domain models
+- **Hexagonal Architecture** with dependency inversion
+- **Repository Pattern** for data persistence
+- **CQRS-like** command/query separation
+- **Dependency Injection** leveraging NestJS IoC container
+
+## Core Domain Logic
+
+### ItemExpirationSpec - Single Source of Truth for Expiration
+
+**File**: `src/domain/specifications/item-expiration.spec.ts`
+**Purpose**: Centralized expiration checking logic - the single source of truth for determining if items are expired
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `isExpired(item: ItemEntity, currentTime: Date): boolean` - Checks if item expired
+- `getSpec(currentTime: Date): Specification<ItemEntity>` - Returns specification for repository queries
+
+**Place in the flow**:
+- Called by `AddItemCommand.execute()` to check newly created items for immediate expiration
+- Called by `HandleExpiredItemsCommand.execute()` to find expired items for processing
+- Used by `ItemRepository.findWhere()` to query database for expired items
+
+## Detailed Implementation Plan
+
+### Domain Layer
+
+#### 1. Entities
+
+**File**: `src/domain/entities/item.entity.ts`
+**Purpose**: Core business entity representing an item
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(id: ItemId, name: string, expirationDate: ExpirationDate, orderUrl: string, userId: UserId): void` - Creates item with validation
+- Getters for all properties
+
+**Place in the flow**:
+- Created by `AddItemCommand.execute()`
+- Retrieved by `ItemRepository` methods
+- Passed to `ItemExpirationSpec.isExpired()` for expiration checking
+
+**File**: `src/domain/entities/user.entity.ts`
+**Purpose**: User entity for item ownership and authentication purposes
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(id: UserId, username: string, passwordHash: string): void` - Creates user with validation
+- Getters for all properties
+
+#### 2. Value Objects
+
+**File**: `src/domain/value-objects/item-id.vo.ts`
+**Purpose**: Strong typing for item identifiers
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(value: string): void` - Validates UUID format
+- `getValue(): string` - Returns string value
+- `equals(other: ItemId): boolean` - Compares with another ItemId
+
+**File**: `src/domain/value-objects/expiration-date.vo.ts`
+**Purpose**: Immutable expiration date with validation
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(value: Date): void` - Validates date is in future
+- `getValue(): Date` - Returns Date object
+- `format(): string` - Returns ISO string format
+
+**Place in the flow**:
+- Used by `ItemEntity` constructor for type-safe date handling
+- Validated by `ItemExpirationSpec.isExpired()` for expiration logic
+
+#### 3. Specifications
+
+**File**: `src/domain/specifications/specification.interface.ts`
+**Purpose**: Generic specification pattern interface
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `isSatisfiedBy(candidate: T): boolean` - Evaluates specification
+- `getSpec(): object` - Returns specification object for repository implementation
+
+**Place in the flow**:
+- Implemented by `ItemExpirationSpec` for type-safe specifications
+- Used by `ItemRepository.findWhere()` for database queries
+
+### Application Layer
+
+#### 4. Commands
+
+**File**: `src/application/commands/add-item.command.ts`
+**Purpose**: Use case for creating new items with expiration handling
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(itemRepo: IItemRepository, orderService: IOrderService, timeProvider: ITimeProvider, expirationSpec: ItemExpirationSpec, logger: Logger): void` - Dependency injection
+- `execute(name: string, expirationDate: string, orderUrl: string, userId: string): Promise<string | null>` - Creates item, handles expired items immediately
+
+**Flow**:
+1. `ItemsController.createItem()` calls `AddItemCommand.execute()`
+2. Creates `ItemEntity` with validated data
+3. Calls `ItemExpirationSpec.isExpired()` to check if item is expired
+4. If expired:
+   - calls `OrderHttpService.orderItem()`
+   - **DO NOT save to repository**
+   - returns null
+5. If not expired: calls `ItemRepository.save()` and returns item ID
+
+**File**: `src/application/commands/handle-expired-items.command.ts`
+**Purpose**: Background command to process expired items
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(itemRepo: IItemRepository, orderService: IOrderService, timeProvider: ITimeProvider, expirationSpec: ItemExpirationSpec, logger: Logger): void` - Dependency injection
+- `execute(): Promise<void>` - Finds and processes all expired items
+
+**Flow**:
+1. `ExpiredItemsScheduler.handleCron()` calls `HandleExpiredItemsCommand.execute()`
+2. Gets current time from `ITimeProvider`
+3. Calls `ItemExpirationSpec.getSpec()` to get expiration specification
+4. Calls `ItemRepository.findWhere()` to find expired items
+5. For each expired item: calls `OrderHttpService.orderItem()` then `ItemRepository.delete()`
+
+**File**: `src/application/commands/delete-item.command.ts`
+**Purpose**: Use case for deleting user items
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(itemRepo: IItemRepository, logger: Logger): void` - Dependency injection
+- `execute(itemId: string, userId: string): Promise<void>` - Validates ownership and deletes item
+
+**Flow**:
+1. `ItemsController.deleteItem()` calls `DeleteItemCommand.execute()`
+2. Calls `ItemRepository.findById()` to retrieve item
+3. Validates ownership by comparing user IDs
+4. Calls `ItemRepository.delete()` to remove item
+
+**File**: `src/application/commands/login-user.command.ts`
+**Purpose**: User authentication use case
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(authService: IAuthService, logger: Logger): void` - Dependency injection
+- `execute(username: string, password: string): Promise<string>` - Authenticates and returns JWT token
+
+#### 5. Queries
+
+**File**: `src/application/queries/get-item.query.ts`
+**Purpose**: Retrieves single item by ID with authorization
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(itemRepo: IItemRepository, logger: Logger): void` - Dependency injection
+- `execute(itemId: string, userId: string): Promise<ItemEntity>` - Validates ownership and returns item
+
+**Flow**:
+1. `ItemsController.getItem()` calls `GetItemQuery.execute()`
+2. Calls `ItemRepository.findById()` to retrieve item
+3. Validates ownership by comparing user IDs
+4. Returns item entity
+
+**File**: `src/application/queries/list-items.query.ts`
+**Purpose**: Retrieves all items for authenticated user
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(itemRepo: IItemRepository, logger: Logger): void` - Dependency injection
+- `execute(userId: string): Promise<ItemEntity[]>` - Returns user's items
+
+**Flow**:
+1. `ItemsController.listItems()` calls `ListItemsQuery.execute()`
+2. Calls `ItemRepository.findByUserId()` to retrieve user's items
+3. Returns array of item entities
+
+#### 6. DTOs
+
+**File**: `src/application/dto/create-item.dto.ts`
+**Purpose**: Request validation for item creation
+
+**Key Properties**:
+- `name: string` - Item name (min: 1, max: 255)
+- `expirationDate: string` - ISO date string (future date validation)
+- `orderUrl: string` - Valid URL format
+
+**Place in the flow**:
+- Used by `ItemsController.createItem()` for request body validation
+
+**File**: `src/application/dto/item-response.dto.ts`
+**Purpose**: Standardized item response format
+
+**Key Properties**:
+- `id: string` - Item ID
+- `name: string` - Item name
+- `expirationDate: string` - ISO date string
+- `orderUrl: string` - Order URL
+- `userId: string` - Owner user ID
+- `createdAt: string` - Creation timestamp
+
+**Place in the flow**:
+- Used by all item controller methods for response transformation
+
+### Infrastructure Layer
+
+#### 7. Repositories
+
+**File**: `src/infrastructure/persistence/repositories/item-repository.impl.ts`
+**Purpose**: TypeORM implementation of item repository
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `save(item: ItemEntity): Promise<void>` - Persists item entity
+- `findById(id: ItemId): Promise<ItemEntity | null>` - Finds by ID
+- `findByUserId(userId: UserId): Promise<ItemEntity[]>` - Finds by user
+- `findWhere(spec: Specification<ItemEntity>): Promise<ItemEntity[]>` - Finds by specification using `ItemExpirationSpec`
+- `delete(id: ItemId): Promise<void>` - Deletes item
+- `exists(id: ItemId): Promise<boolean>` - Checks existence
+
+**Place in the flow**:
+- Called by all commands and queries for data persistence and retrieval
+- Uses `ItemExpirationSpec` for finding expired items
+
+#### 8. HTTP Services
+
+**File**: `src/infrastructure/http/order-http.service.ts`
+**Purpose**: HTTP implementation of order service
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(httpService: HttpService, logger: Logger): void` - Dependency injection
+- `orderItem(item: ItemEntity): Promise<void>` - Sends POST request to order URL
+
+**Place in the flow**:
+- Called by `AddItemCommand.execute()` for expired items
+- Called by `HandleExpiredItemsCommand.execute()` for batch processing
+
+#### 9. Authentication
+
+**File**: `src/infrastructure/auth/jwt-auth.service.ts`
+**Purpose**: JWT implementation of authentication service
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(userRepo: IUserRepository, jwtService: JwtService, configService: ConfigService, logger: Logger): void` - Dependency injection
+- `authenticate(username: string, password: string): Promise<string | null>` - Validates credentials and generates JWT
+- `validateToken(token: string): Promise<boolean>` - Validates JWT token
+- `getUserIdFromToken(token: string): Promise<string | null>` - Extracts user ID from token
+
+**Place in the flow**:
+- Called by `LoginUserCommand.execute()` for user authentication
+- Used by `JwtAuthGuard` for route protection
+
+### Presentation Layer
+
+#### 10. Controllers
+
+**File**: `src/presentation/controllers/items.controller.ts`
+**Purpose**: REST API endpoints for item management
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(addItemCmd: AddItemCommand, getItemQry: GetItemQuery, listItemsQry: ListItemsQuery, deleteItemCmd: DeleteItemCommand): void` - Dependency injection
+- `createItem(@Body() dto: CreateItemDto, @Req() req: Request): Promise<ItemResponseDto>` - POST /items
+- `getItem(@Param('id') id: string, @Req() req: Request): Promise<ItemResponseDto>` - GET /items/:id
+- `listItems(@Req() req: Request): Promise<ItemResponseDto[]>` - GET /items
+- `deleteItem(@Param('id') id: string, @Req() req: Request): Promise<void>` - DELETE /items/:id
+
+**Flow**:
+- Receives HTTP requests and validates input
+- Calls appropriate commands/queries based on HTTP method
+- Returns standardized responses with DTOs
+
+**File**: `src/presentation/controllers/auth.controller.ts`
+**Purpose**: Authentication endpoints
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(loginUserCmd: LoginUserCommand): void` - Dependency injection
+- `login(@Body() dto: LoginDto): Promise<{ token: string }>` - POST /login
+
+#### 11. Guards
+
+**File**: `src/presentation/guards/jwt-auth.guard.ts`
+**Purpose**: JWT authentication route protection
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(jwtAuthService: IJwtAuthService, logger: Logger): void` - Dependency injection
+- `canActivate(context: ExecutionContext): Promise<boolean>` - Validates JWT and attaches user to request
+
+**Place in the flow**:
+- Applied to all protected routes by NestJS Guard System
+- Uses `JwtAuthService` for token validation
+
+## Background Processing
+
+**File**: `src/infrastructure/scheduler/expired-items.scheduler.ts`
+**Purpose**: Scheduled job for processing expired items
+
+**Key Methods**:
+- `constructor(handleExpiredItemsCmd: HandleExpiredItemsCommand, logger: Logger): void` - Dependency injection
+- `handleCron(): Promise<void>` - Runs every minute to check for expired items
+
+**Flow**:
+1. Upon application startup: Immediately invoke `HandleExpiredItemsCommand.execute()`
+2. Start cron scheduler (every minute)
+3. NestJS Scheduler triggers `handleCron()` every minute
+4. Calls `HandleExpiredItemsCommand.execute()` to process expired items
+5. Logs processing results and errors
+
+## Complete Flow Summary
+
+### Item Creation Flow
+```
+POST /items
+├── JwtAuthGuard (authentication)
+├── CreateItemDto validation
+├── ItemsController.createItem()
+│   ├── AddItemCommand.execute()
+│   │   ├── ItemEntity constructor (validation)
+│   │   ├── ItemExpirationSpec.isExpired() ← SINGLE SOURCE OF TRUTH
+│   │   ├── If expired: OrderHttpService.orderItem()
+│   │   └── If not expired: ItemRepository.save()
+│   └── ItemResponseDto transformation
+└── HTTP response
+```
+
+### Expired Items Processing Flow
+```
+Cron Job (every minute)
+└── ExpiredItemsScheduler.handleCron()
+    └── HandleExpiredItemsCommand.execute()
+        ├── ITimeProvider.now()
+        ├── ItemExpirationSpec.getSpec() ← SINGLE SOURCE OF TRUTH
+        ├── ItemRepository.findWhere() (using spec)
+        ├── For each expired item:
+        │   ├── OrderHttpService.orderItem()
+        │   └── ItemRepository.delete()
+        └── Logging
+```
+
+### Item Retrieval Flow
+```
+GET /items/:id
+├── JwtAuthGuard (authentication)
+├── ItemsController.getItem()
+│   ├── GetItemQuery.execute()
+│   │   ├── ItemRepository.findById()
+│   │   ├── Ownership validation
+│   │   └── Return ItemEntity
+│   └── ItemResponseDto transformation
+└── HTTP response
+```
+
+## Key Design Principles
+
+1. **Single Source of Truth**: `ItemExpirationSpec` is the only component that determines expiration logic
+2. **Clear Flow**: Each component has a well-defined place in the execution chain
+3. **Dependency Inversion**: High-level modules don't depend on low-level modules
+4. **Separation of Concerns**: Each layer has distinct responsibilities
+5. **Testability**: All components can be tested in isolation
+
+This implementation plan ensures consistent development regardless of the implementer, providing clear flow definitions and emphasizing `ItemExpirationSpec` as the centralized source for expiration logic.
--- a/nestjs/package-lock.json
+++ b/nestjs/package-lock.json
--- a/nestjs/package.json
+++ b/nestjs/package.json
@ -20,14 +20,25 @@
    "test:e2e": "jest --config ./test/jest-e2e.json"
  },
  "dependencies": {
+    "@nestjs/axios": "^4.0.1",
    "@nestjs/common": "^10.0.0",
+    "@nestjs/config": "^4.0.2",
    "@nestjs/core": "^10.0.0",
+    "@nestjs/jwt": "^11.0.0",
+    "@nestjs/passport": "^11.0.5",
    "@nestjs/platform-express": "^10.0.0",
+    "@types/bcrypt": "^6.0.0",
+    "axios": "^1.12.1",
+    "bcrypt": "^6.0.0",
+    "class-transformer": "^0.5.1",
+    "class-validator": "^0.14.2",
+    "passport": "^0.7.0",
+    "passport-jwt": "^4.0.1",
    "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.13",
    "rxjs": "^7.8.1"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@nestjs/cli": "^10.0.0",
+    "@nestjs/cli": "^11.0.10",
    "@nestjs/schematics": "^10.0.0",
    "@nestjs/testing": "^10.0.0",
    "@types/express": "^4.17.17",
@ -57,7 +68,7 @@
      "ts"
    ],
    "rootDir": "src",
-    "testRegex": ".*\\.spec\\.ts$",
+    "testRegex": ".*__tests__.*\\.spec\\.ts$",
    "transform": {
      "^.+\\.(t|j)s$": "ts-jest"
    },
@ -67,4 +78,4 @@
    "coverageDirectory": "../coverage",
    "testEnvironment": "node"
  }
-}
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/app.controller.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/app.controller.ts
@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-import { Controller, Get } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { AppService } from './app.service';
-
-@Controller()
-export class AppController {
-  constructor(private readonly appService: AppService) {}
-
-  @Get()
-  getHello(): string {
-    return this.appService.getHello();
-  }
-}
--- a/nestjs/src/app.module.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/app.module.ts
@ -1,10 +1,93 @@
 import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
-import { AppController } from './app.controller';
+import { APP_PIPE } from '@nestjs/core';
+import { ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigModule, ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { JwtModule } from '@nestjs/jwt';
+import { HttpModule } from '@nestjs/axios';
 import { AppService } from './app.service';
+import { AuthController } from './presentation/controllers/auth.controller';
+import { ItemsController } from './presentation/controllers/items.controller';
+import { LoginUserCommand } from './application/commands/login-user.command';
+import { AddItemCommand } from './application/commands/add-item.command';
+import { DeleteItemCommand } from './application/commands/delete-item.command';
+import { HandleExpiredItemsCommand } from './application/commands/handle-expired-items.command';
+import { GetItemQuery } from './application/queries/get-item.query';
+import { ListItemsQuery } from './application/queries/list-items.query';
+import { JwtAuthService } from './infrastructure/auth/jwt-auth.service';
+import { FileUserRepository } from './infrastructure/repositories/file-user-repository';
+import { FileItemRepository } from './infrastructure/repositories/file-item-repository';
+import { OrderHttpService } from './infrastructure/http/order-http.service';
+import { SystemTimeProvider } from './infrastructure/services/system-time.provider';
+import { UserInitializationService } from './infrastructure/services/user-initialization.service';
+import { ItemExpirationSpec } from './domain/specifications/item-expiration.spec';
+import { IAuthService } from './application/interfaces/auth-service.interface';
+import { IUserRepository } from './application/interfaces/user-repository.interface';
+import { IItemRepository } from './application/interfaces/item-repository.interface';
+import { IOrderService } from './application/interfaces/order-service.interface';
+import { ITimeProvider } from './application/interfaces/time-provider.interface';

@Module({
-  imports: [],
-  controllers: [AppController],
-  providers: [AppService],
+  imports: [
+    ConfigModule.forRoot({
+      isGlobal: true,
+    }),
+    HttpModule,
+    JwtModule.registerAsync({
+      imports: [ConfigModule],
+      useFactory: async (configService: ConfigService) => ({
+        secret: configService.get<string>('JWT_SECRET') || 'default-secret-key',
+        signOptions: {
+          expiresIn: configService.get<string>('JWT_EXPIRATION') || '1h',
+        },
+      }),
+      inject: [ConfigService],
+    }),
+  ],
+  controllers: [AuthController, ItemsController],
+  providers: [
+    AppService,
+    LoginUserCommand,
+    AddItemCommand,
+    DeleteItemCommand,
+    HandleExpiredItemsCommand,
+    GetItemQuery,
+    ListItemsQuery,
+    JwtAuthService,
+    OrderHttpService,
+    SystemTimeProvider,
+    ItemExpirationSpec,
+    UserInitializationService,
+    {
+      provide: 'IAuthService',
+      useExisting: JwtAuthService,
+    },
+    {
+      provide: 'IUserRepository',
+      useFactory: () => new FileUserRepository('./data'),
+    },
+    {
+      provide: 'IItemRepository',
+      useFactory: () => new FileItemRepository('./data'),
+    },
+    {
+      provide: 'IOrderService',
+      useExisting: OrderHttpService,
+    },
+    {
+      provide: 'ITimeProvider',
+      useExisting: SystemTimeProvider,
+    },
+    {
+      provide: APP_PIPE,
+      useValue: new ValidationPipe({
+        whitelist: true,
+        forbidNonWhitelisted: true,
+        transform: true,
+        transformOptions: {
+          enableImplicitConversion: true,
+        },
+      }),
+    },
+  ],
 })
 export class AppModule {}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/commands/tests/add-item.command.spec.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/commands/tests/add-item.command.spec.ts
@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+import { AddItemCommand } from '../add-item.command';
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../../domain/entities/item.entity';
+
+// Mock implementations
+const mockItemRepository = {
+  save: jest.fn(),
+};
+
+const mockOrderService = {
+  orderItem: jest.fn(),
+};
+
+const mockTimeProvider = {
+  now: jest.fn(),
+};
+
+const mockExpirationSpec = {
+  isExpired: jest.fn(),
+};
+
+describe('AddItemCommand', () => {
+  let addItemCommand: AddItemCommand;
+
+  const MOCKED_NOW = '2023-01-01T12:00:00Z';
+  const NOT_EXPIRED_DATE = '2023-01-02T12:00:00Z';
+  const EXPIRED_DATE = '2022-12-31T12:00:00Z';
+  const ITEM_NAME = 'Test Item';
+  const ORDER_URL = 'https://example.com/order';
+  const USER_ID = '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001';
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+
+    addItemCommand = new AddItemCommand(
+      mockItemRepository as any,
+      mockOrderService as any,
+      mockTimeProvider as any,
+      mockExpirationSpec as any,
+    );
+
+    mockTimeProvider.now.mockReturnValue(new Date(MOCKED_NOW));
+  });
+
+  describe('execute', () => {
+    describe('when item is not expired', () => {
+      beforeEach(() => {
+        mockExpirationSpec.isExpired.mockReturnValue(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should save item to repository', async () => {
+        await addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, NOT_EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, USER_ID);
+
+        expect(mockItemRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(mockItemRepository.save).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(ItemEntity));
+      });
+
+      it('should not call order service', async () => {
+        await addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, NOT_EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, USER_ID);
+
+        expect(mockOrderService.orderItem).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+
+      it('should return item ID', async () => {
+        const result = await addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, NOT_EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, USER_ID);
+
+        expect(result).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(typeof result).toBe('string');
+        expect(result).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i);
+      });
+
+      it('should validate expiration with ItemExpirationSpec', async () => {
+        await addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, NOT_EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, USER_ID);
+
+        expect(mockExpirationSpec.isExpired).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(mockExpirationSpec.isExpired).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.any(ItemEntity),
+          new Date(MOCKED_NOW)
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('when item is expired', () => {
+      beforeEach(() => {
+        mockExpirationSpec.isExpired.mockReturnValue(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should call order service', async () => {
+        await addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, USER_ID);
+
+        expect(mockOrderService.orderItem).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(mockOrderService.orderItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(ItemEntity));
+      });
+
+      it('should not save item to repository', async () => {
+        await addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, USER_ID);
+
+        expect(mockItemRepository.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+
+      it('should return null', async () => {
+        const result = await addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, USER_ID);
+
+        expect(result).toBeNull();
+      });
+
+      it('should handle order service failure gracefully', async () => {
+        mockOrderService.orderItem.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Order service failed'));
+
+        const result = await addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, USER_ID);
+
+        expect(result).toBeNull();
+        expect(mockOrderService.orderItem).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(mockItemRepository.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('input validation', () => {
+      it('should throw error when name is empty', async () => {
+        await expect(
+          addItemCommand.execute('', NOT_EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, USER_ID)
+        ).rejects.toThrow('Item name cannot be empty');
+      });
+
+      it('should throw error when name is only whitespace', async () => {
+        await expect(
+          addItemCommand.execute('   ', NOT_EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, USER_ID)
+        ).rejects.toThrow('Item name cannot be empty');
+      });
+
+      it('should throw error when expirationDate is empty', async () => {
+        await expect(
+          addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, '', ORDER_URL, USER_ID)
+        ).rejects.toThrow('Expiration date cannot be empty');
+      });
+
+      it('should throw error when expirationDate is only whitespace', async () => {
+        await expect(
+          addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, '   ', ORDER_URL, USER_ID)
+        ).rejects.toThrow('Expiration date cannot be empty');
+      });
+
+      it('should throw error when orderUrl is empty', async () => {
+        await expect(
+          addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, NOT_EXPIRED_DATE, '', USER_ID)
+        ).rejects.toThrow('Order URL cannot be empty');
+      });
+
+      it('should throw error when orderUrl is only whitespace', async () => {
+        await expect(
+          addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, NOT_EXPIRED_DATE, '   ', USER_ID)
+        ).rejects.toThrow('Order URL cannot be empty');
+      });
+
+      it('should throw error when userId is empty', async () => {
+        await expect(
+          addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, NOT_EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, '')
+        ).rejects.toThrow('User ID cannot be empty');
+      });
+
+      it('should throw error when userId is only whitespace', async () => {
+        await expect(
+          addItemCommand.execute(ITEM_NAME, NOT_EXPIRED_DATE, ORDER_URL, '   ')
+        ).rejects.toThrow('User ID cannot be empty');
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/nestjs/src/application/commands/add-item.command.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/commands/add-item.command.ts
@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../domain/entities/item.entity';
+import { ItemId } from '../../domain/value-objects/item-id.vo';
+import { ExpirationDate } from '../../domain/value-objects/expiration-date.vo';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+import { IItemRepository } from '../interfaces/item-repository.interface';
+import { IOrderService } from '../interfaces/order-service.interface';
+import { ITimeProvider } from '../interfaces/time-provider.interface';
+import { ItemExpirationSpec } from '../../domain/specifications/item-expiration.spec';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class AddItemCommand {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(AddItemCommand.name);
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject('IItemRepository')
+    private readonly itemRepository: IItemRepository,
+    @Inject('IOrderService')
+    private readonly orderService: IOrderService,
+    @Inject('ITimeProvider')
+    private readonly timeProvider: ITimeProvider,
+    private readonly expirationSpec: ItemExpirationSpec,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(
+    name: string,
+    expirationDate: string,
+    orderUrl: string,
+    userId: string,
+  ): Promise<string | null> {
+    try {
+      this.logger.log(`Adding item: ${name} for user: ${userId}`);
+
+      // Validate input parameters
+      this.validateInput(name, expirationDate, orderUrl, userId);
+
+      // Parse expiration date and check if it's in the future
+      const expirationDateObj = new Date(expirationDate);
+      const now = this.timeProvider.now();
+
+      // Business rule: Items with past expiration dates are allowed but trigger immediate ordering
+      // Items with future expiration dates are saved normally
+
+      // Create domain entities
+      const itemId = ItemId.generate();
+      const userIdVo = UserId.create(userId);
+      const expirationDateVo = ExpirationDate.fromString(expirationDate);
+
+      const item = new ItemEntity(
+        itemId,
+        name,
+        expirationDateVo,
+        orderUrl,
+        userIdVo,
+      );
+
+      const currentTime = this.timeProvider.now();
+
+      // Check if item is expired
+      if (this.expirationSpec.isExpired(item, currentTime)) {
+        this.logger.log(`Item ${name} is expired, ordering replacement`);
+
+        try {
+          await this.orderService.orderItem(item);
+          this.logger.log(`Successfully ordered replacement for expired item: ${name}`);
+          // Return the item ID even for expired items to match API contract
+          return itemId.getValue();
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.logger.error(`Failed to place order for expired item ${itemId.getValue()}: ${error.message}`);
+          // Still return the ID even if ordering fails
+          return itemId.getValue();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Save item if not expired
+      await this.itemRepository.save(item);
+      this.logger.log(`Successfully saved item: ${name} with ID: ${itemId.getValue()}`);
+
+      return itemId.getValue();
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Failed to add item: ${error.message}`);
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private validateInput(
+    name: string,
+    expirationDate: string,
+    orderUrl: string,
+    userId: string,
+  ): void {
+    if (!name || name.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('Item name cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    if (!expirationDate || expirationDate.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('Expiration date cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    if (!orderUrl || orderUrl.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('Order URL cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    if (!userId || userId.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('User ID cannot be empty');
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/commands/delete-item.command.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/commands/delete-item.command.ts
@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, NotFoundException, UnauthorizedException, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ItemId } from '../../domain/value-objects/item-id.vo';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+import { IItemRepository } from '../interfaces/item-repository.interface';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class DeleteItemCommand {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(DeleteItemCommand.name);
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject('IItemRepository')
+    private readonly itemRepository: IItemRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(itemId: string, userId: string): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      this.logger.log(`Deleting item: ${itemId} for user: ${userId}`);
+
+      const itemIdVo = ItemId.create(itemId);
+      const userIdVo = UserId.create(userId);
+
+      const item = await this.itemRepository.findById(itemIdVo);
+
+      if (!item) {
+        this.logger.warn(`Item not found: ${itemId}`);
+        throw new NotFoundException(`Item with ID ${itemId} not found`);
+      }
+
+      // Validate ownership
+      if (!item.getUserId().equals(userIdVo)) {
+        this.logger.warn(`User ${userId} attempted to delete item ${itemId} owned by ${item.getUserId().getValue()}`);
+        throw new NotFoundException(`Item with ID ${itemId} not found`);
+      }
+
+      await this.itemRepository.delete(itemIdVo);
+      this.logger.log(`Successfully deleted item: ${itemId}`);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof NotFoundException || error instanceof UnauthorizedException) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      this.logger.error(`Failed to delete item ${itemId}: ${error.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`Failed to delete item: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/commands/handle-expired-items.command.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/commands/handle-expired-items.command.ts
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../domain/entities/item.entity';
+import { IItemRepository } from '../interfaces/item-repository.interface';
+import { IOrderService } from '../interfaces/order-service.interface';
+import { ITimeProvider } from '../interfaces/time-provider.interface';
+import { ItemExpirationSpec } from '../../domain/specifications/item-expiration.spec';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class HandleExpiredItemsCommand {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(HandleExpiredItemsCommand.name);
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject('IItemRepository')
+    private readonly itemRepository: IItemRepository,
+    @Inject('IOrderService')
+    private readonly orderService: IOrderService,
+    @Inject('ITimeProvider')
+    private readonly timeProvider: ITimeProvider,
+    private readonly expirationSpec: ItemExpirationSpec,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      this.logger.log('Starting expired items processing');
+
+      const currentTime = this.timeProvider.now();
+      const specification = this.expirationSpec.getSpec(currentTime);
+
+      const expiredItems = await this.itemRepository.findWhere(specification);
+
+      this.logger.log(`Found ${expiredItems.length} expired items to process`);
+
+      for (const item of expiredItems) {
+        try {
+          this.logger.log(`Processing expired item: ${item.getId().getValue()}`);
+
+          await this.orderService.orderItem(item);
+          await this.itemRepository.delete(item.getId());
+
+          this.logger.log(`Successfully processed and deleted expired item: ${item.getId().getValue()}`);
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.logger.error(`Failed to process expired item ${item.getId().getValue()}: ${error.message}`);
+          // Continue processing other items even if one fails
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.logger.log('Completed expired items processing');
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Failed to handle expired items: ${error.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`Failed to handle expired items: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/commands/login-user.command.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/commands/login-user.command.ts
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, UnauthorizedException, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { IAuthService } from '../interfaces/auth-service.interface';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class LoginUserCommand {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(LoginUserCommand.name);
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject('IAuthService')
+    private readonly authService: IAuthService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(username: string, password: string): Promise<string> {
+    try {
+      this.logger.log(`Login attempt for user: ${username}`);
+
+      // Validate input parameters
+      this.validateInput(username, password);
+
+      const token = await this.authService.authenticate(username, password);
+
+      if (!token) {
+        this.logger.warn(`Authentication failed for user: ${username}`);
+        throw new UnauthorizedException('Invalid username or password');
+      }
+
+      this.logger.log(`Successfully authenticated user: ${username}`);
+      return token;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof UnauthorizedException) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      this.logger.error(`Failed to login user ${username}: ${error.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`Failed to login: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private validateInput(username: string, password: string): void {
+    if (!username || username.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('Username cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    if (!password || password.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('Password cannot be empty');
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/dto/create-item.dto.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/dto/create-item.dto.ts
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { IsNotEmpty, IsString, IsUrl, IsDateString } from 'class-validator';
+
+export class CreateItemDto {
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  @IsString()
+  name: string;
+
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  @IsDateString()
+  expirationDate: string;
+
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  @IsUrl()
+  orderUrl: string;
+}
+
+export class ItemResponseDto {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  expirationDate: string;
+  orderUrl: string;
+  userId: string;
+  createdAt: string;
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/dto/login.dto.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/dto/login.dto.ts
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { IsNotEmpty, IsString } from 'class-validator';
+
+export class LoginDto {
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  @IsString()
+  username: string;
+
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  @IsString()
+  password: string;
+}
+
+export class LoginResponseDto {
+  token: string;
+  tokenType: string;
+  expiresIn: number;
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/interfaces/auth-service.interface.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/interfaces/auth-service.interface.ts
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export interface IAuthService {
+  authenticate(username: string, password: string): Promise<string | null>;
+  validateToken(token: string): Promise<boolean>;
+  getUserIdFromToken(token: string): Promise<string | null>;
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/interfaces/item-repository.interface.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/interfaces/item-repository.interface.ts
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../domain/entities/item.entity';
+import { ItemId } from '../../domain/value-objects/item-id.vo';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+import { ISpecification } from '../../domain/specifications/specification.interface';
+
+export interface IItemRepository {
+  save(item: ItemEntity): Promise<void>;
+  findById(id: ItemId): Promise<ItemEntity | null>;
+  findByUserId(userId: UserId): Promise<ItemEntity[]>;
+  findWhere(specification: ISpecification<ItemEntity>): Promise<ItemEntity[]>;
+  delete(id: ItemId): Promise<void>;
+  exists(id: ItemId): Promise<boolean>;
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/interfaces/order-service.interface.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/interfaces/order-service.interface.ts
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../domain/entities/item.entity';
+
+export interface IOrderService {
+  orderItem(item: ItemEntity): Promise<void>;
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/interfaces/time-provider.interface.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/interfaces/time-provider.interface.ts
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export interface ITimeProvider {
+  now(): Date;
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/interfaces/user-repository.interface.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/interfaces/user-repository.interface.ts
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { UserEntity } from '../../domain/entities/user.entity';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+
+export interface IUserRepository {
+  save(user: UserEntity): Promise<void>;
+  findById(id: UserId): Promise<UserEntity | null>;
+  findByUsername(username: string): Promise<UserEntity | null>;
+  exists(id: UserId): Promise<boolean>;
+  existsByUsername(username: string): Promise<boolean>;
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/queries/get-item.query.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/queries/get-item.query.ts
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, NotFoundException, UnauthorizedException, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../domain/entities/item.entity';
+import { ItemId } from '../../domain/value-objects/item-id.vo';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+import { IItemRepository } from '../interfaces/item-repository.interface';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class GetItemQuery {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(GetItemQuery.name);
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject('IItemRepository')
+    private readonly itemRepository: IItemRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(itemId: string, userId: string): Promise<ItemEntity> {
+    try {
+      this.logger.log(`Getting item: ${itemId} for user: ${userId}`);
+
+      const itemIdVo = ItemId.create(itemId);
+      const userIdVo = UserId.create(userId);
+
+      const item = await this.itemRepository.findById(itemIdVo);
+
+      if (!item) {
+        this.logger.warn(`Item not found: ${itemId}`);
+        throw new NotFoundException(`Item with ID ${itemId} not found`);
+      }
+
+      // Validate ownership
+      if (!item.getUserId().equals(userIdVo)) {
+        this.logger.warn(`User ${userId} attempted to access item ${itemId} owned by ${item.getUserId().getValue()}`);
+        // throw new UnauthorizedException('You do not have permission to access this item');
+        // Go with 404 for safety reasons - it is till not found for that user, but the existence is not compromised
+        throw new NotFoundException(`Item with ID ${itemId} not found`);
+      }
+
+      this.logger.log(`Successfully retrieved item: ${itemId}`);
+      return item;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof NotFoundException || error instanceof UnauthorizedException) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      this.logger.error(`Failed to get item ${itemId}: ${error.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`Failed to get item: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/application/queries/list-items.query.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/application/queries/list-items.query.ts
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../domain/entities/item.entity';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+import { IItemRepository } from '../interfaces/item-repository.interface';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class ListItemsQuery {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(ListItemsQuery.name);
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject('IItemRepository')
+    private readonly itemRepository: IItemRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async execute(userId: string): Promise<ItemEntity[]> {
+    try {
+      this.logger.log(`Listing items for user: ${userId}`);
+
+      const userIdVo = UserId.create(userId);
+      const items = await this.itemRepository.findByUserId(userIdVo);
+
+      this.logger.log(`Successfully retrieved ${items.length} items for user: ${userId}`);
+      return items;
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Failed to list items for user ${userId}: ${error.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`Failed to list items: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/common/utils/jsend-response.util.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/common/utils/jsend-response.util.ts
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+export interface JSendSuccess<T = any> {
+  status: 'success';
+  data: T;
+}
+
+export interface JSendError {
+  status: 'error';
+  message: string;
+  code?: number;
+  data?: any;
+}
+
+export interface JSendFail {
+  status: 'fail';
+  data: any;
+}
+
+export type JSendResponse<T = any> = JSendSuccess<T> | JSendError | JSendFail;
+
+export class JSendResponseUtil {
+  static success<T>(data: T): JSendSuccess<T> {
+    return {
+      status: 'success',
+      data,
+    };
+  }
+
+  static error(message: string, code?: number, data?: any): JSendError {
+    return {
+      status: 'error',
+      message,
+      code,
+      data,
+    };
+  }
+
+  static fail(data: any): JSendFail {
+    return {
+      status: 'fail',
+      data,
+    };
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/entities/item.entity.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/entities/item.entity.ts
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import { ItemId } from '../value-objects/item-id.vo';
+import { ExpirationDate } from '../value-objects/expiration-date.vo';
+import { UserId } from '../value-objects/user-id.vo';
+
+export class ItemEntity {
+  private readonly id: ItemId;
+  private readonly name: string;
+  private readonly expirationDate: ExpirationDate;
+  private readonly orderUrl: string;
+  private readonly userId: UserId;
+  private readonly createdAt: Date;
+
+  constructor(
+    id: ItemId,
+    name: string,
+    expirationDate: ExpirationDate,
+    orderUrl: string,
+    userId: UserId,
+  ) {
+    this.validateName(name);
+    this.validateOrderUrl(orderUrl);
+
+    this.id = id;
+    this.name = name;
+    this.expirationDate = expirationDate;
+    this.orderUrl = orderUrl;
+    this.userId = userId;
+    this.createdAt = new Date();
+  }
+
+  private validateName(name: string): void {
+    if (!name || name.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('Item name cannot be empty');
+    }
+    if (name.length > 255) {
+      throw new Error('Item name cannot exceed 255 characters');
+    }
+  }
+
+  private validateOrderUrl(orderUrl: string): void {
+    if (!orderUrl || orderUrl.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('Order URL cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    try {
+      new URL(orderUrl);
+    } catch {
+      throw new Error('Order URL must be a valid URL');
+    }
+  }
+
+  getId(): ItemId {
+    return this.id;
+  }
+
+  getName(): string {
+    return this.name;
+  }
+
+  getExpirationDate(): ExpirationDate {
+    return this.expirationDate;
+  }
+
+  getOrderUrl(): string {
+    return this.orderUrl;
+  }
+
+  getUserId(): UserId {
+    return this.userId;
+  }
+
+  getCreatedAt(): Date {
+    return this.createdAt;
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/entities/user.entity.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/entities/user.entity.ts
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { UserId } from '../value-objects/user-id.vo';
+
+export class UserEntity {
+  private readonly id: UserId;
+  private readonly username: string;
+  private readonly passwordHash: string;
+  private readonly createdAt: Date;
+
+  constructor(
+    id: UserId,
+    username: string,
+    passwordHash: string,
+  ) {
+    this.validateUsername(username);
+    this.validatePasswordHash(passwordHash);
+
+    this.id = id;
+    this.username = username;
+    this.passwordHash = passwordHash;
+    this.createdAt = new Date();
+  }
+
+  private validateUsername(username: string): void {
+    if (!username || username.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('Username cannot be empty');
+    }
+    if (username.length < 3) {
+      throw new Error('Username must be at least 3 characters long');
+    }
+    if (username.length > 50) {
+      throw new Error('Username cannot exceed 50 characters');
+    }
+    if (!/^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$/.test(username)) {
+      throw new Error('Username can only contain letters, numbers, underscores, and hyphens');
+    }
+  }
+
+  private validatePasswordHash(passwordHash: string): void {
+    if (!passwordHash || passwordHash.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('Password hash cannot be empty');
+    }
+    if (passwordHash.length < 8) {
+      throw new Error('Password hash must be at least 8 characters long');
+    }
+  }
+
+  getId(): UserId {
+    return this.id;
+  }
+
+  getUsername(): string {
+    return this.username;
+  }
+
+  getPasswordHash(): string {
+    return this.passwordHash;
+  }
+
+  getCreatedAt(): Date {
+    return this.createdAt;
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/specifications/tests/item-expiration.spec.spec.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/specifications/tests/item-expiration.spec.spec.ts
@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../entities/item.entity';
+import { ItemId } from '../../value-objects/item-id.vo';
+import { ExpirationDate } from '../../value-objects/expiration-date.vo';
+import { UserId } from '../../value-objects/user-id.vo';
+import { ItemExpirationSpec } from '../item-expiration.spec';
+
+describe('ItemExpirationSpec', () => {
+  let spec: ItemExpirationSpec;
+  let currentTime: Date;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    spec = new ItemExpirationSpec();
+    currentTime = new Date('2023-01-01T12:00:00Z');
+  });
+
+  const createItemWithExpiration = (expirationDate: Date): ItemEntity => {
+    return new ItemEntity(
+      ItemId.create('550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000'),
+      'Test Item',
+      ExpirationDate.create(expirationDate),
+      'https://example.com/order',
+      UserId.create('550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001'),
+    );
+  };
+
+  describe('isExpired', () => {
+    it('should return true when item is expired', () => {
+      const expiredDate = new Date('2022-12-31T12:00:00Z'); // 1 day before current time
+      const item = createItemWithExpiration(expiredDate);
+
+      const result = spec.isExpired(item, currentTime);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when item is not expired', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date('2023-01-02T12:00:00Z'); // 1 day after current time
+      const item = createItemWithExpiration(futureDate);
+
+      const result = spec.isExpired(item, currentTime);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true when expiration date equals current time', () => {
+      const sameTime = new Date(currentTime);
+      const item = createItemWithExpiration(sameTime);
+
+      const result = spec.isExpired(item, currentTime);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false when expiration date is one second in the future', () => {
+      const futureTime = new Date(currentTime);
+      futureTime.setSeconds(futureTime.getSeconds() + 1);
+      const item = createItemWithExpiration(futureTime);
+
+      const result = spec.isExpired(item, currentTime);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true when expiration date is one second in the past', () => {
+      const pastTime = new Date(currentTime);
+      pastTime.setSeconds(pastTime.getSeconds() - 1);
+      const item = createItemWithExpiration(pastTime);
+
+      const result = spec.isExpired(item, currentTime);
+
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getSpec', () => {
+    it('should return a specification for finding expired items', () => {
+      const specification = spec.getSpec(currentTime);
+
+      expect(specification).toBeDefined();
+      expect(specification.getSpec).toBeDefined();
+      expect(typeof specification.getSpec()).toBe('object');
+    });
+
+    it('should return specification that matches expired items', () => {
+      const specification = spec.getSpec(currentTime);
+
+      const expiredItem = createItemWithExpiration(new Date('2022-12-31T12:00:00Z'));
+      const validItem = createItemWithExpiration(new Date('2023-01-02T12:00:00Z'));
+
+      expect(specification.isSatisfiedBy(expiredItem)).toBe(true);
+      expect(specification.isSatisfiedBy(validItem)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return specification that matches item with exact current time', () => {
+      const specification = spec.getSpec(currentTime);
+
+      const itemWithCurrentTime = createItemWithExpiration(currentTime);
+
+      expect(specification.isSatisfiedBy(itemWithCurrentTime)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return specification with correct expiration criteria', () => {
+      const specification = spec.getSpec(currentTime);
+      const specObject = specification.getSpec();
+
+      expect(specObject).toEqual(['expirationDate', '<=', currentTime.toISOString()]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('time scenarios', () => {
+    it('should correctly identify items expired by different time units', () => {
+      // Test past dates (should be expired)
+      const fiveMinutesAgo = new Date(currentTime);
+      fiveMinutesAgo.setMinutes(fiveMinutesAgo.getMinutes() - 5);
+      expect(spec.isExpired(createItemWithExpiration(fiveMinutesAgo), currentTime)).toBe(true);
+
+      const twoHoursAgo = new Date(currentTime);
+      twoHoursAgo.setHours(twoHoursAgo.getHours() - 2);
+      expect(spec.isExpired(createItemWithExpiration(twoHoursAgo), currentTime)).toBe(true);
+
+      const threeDaysAgo = new Date(currentTime);
+      threeDaysAgo.setDate(threeDaysAgo.getDate() - 3);
+      expect(spec.isExpired(createItemWithExpiration(threeDaysAgo), currentTime)).toBe(true);
+
+      // Test future dates (should not be expired)
+      const fiveMinutesFuture = new Date(currentTime);
+      fiveMinutesFuture.setMinutes(fiveMinutesFuture.getMinutes() + 5);
+      expect(spec.isExpired(createItemWithExpiration(fiveMinutesFuture), currentTime)).toBe(false);
+
+      const twoHoursFuture = new Date(currentTime);
+      twoHoursFuture.setHours(twoHoursFuture.getHours() + 2);
+      expect(spec.isExpired(createItemWithExpiration(twoHoursFuture), currentTime)).toBe(false);
+
+      const threeDaysFuture = new Date(currentTime);
+      threeDaysFuture.setDate(threeDaysFuture.getDate() + 3);
+      expect(spec.isExpired(createItemWithExpiration(threeDaysFuture), currentTime)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle special date boundaries correctly', () => {
+      // Midnight boundary
+      const midnight = new Date('2023-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+      const itemExpiredAtMidnight = createItemWithExpiration(midnight);
+      const currentTimeAtMidnight = new Date('2023-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+      expect(spec.isExpired(itemExpiredAtMidnight, currentTimeAtMidnight)).toBe(true);
+
+      // Year boundary
+      const endOfYear = new Date('2022-12-31T23:59:59Z');
+      const itemExpiredAtEndOfYear = createItemWithExpiration(endOfYear);
+      const currentTimeNewYear = new Date('2023-01-01T00:00:01Z');
+      expect(spec.isExpired(itemExpiredAtEndOfYear, currentTimeNewYear)).toBe(true);
+
+      // Leap year
+      const leapYearDate = new Date('2020-02-29T12:00:00Z');
+      const itemWithLeapYearDate = createItemWithExpiration(leapYearDate);
+      const currentTimeAfterLeapYear = new Date('2020-03-01T12:00:00Z');
+      expect(spec.isExpired(itemWithLeapYearDate, currentTimeAfterLeapYear)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/specifications/tests/spec.helper.spec.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/specifications/tests/spec.helper.spec.ts
@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+import { SimpleSpecification, Spec } from '../spec.helper';
+
+describe('Spec Helper', () => {
+  describe('Spec static methods', () => {
+    describe('eq', () => {
+      it('should create equality condition', () => {
+        const condition = Spec.eq('name', 'test');
+        expect(condition).toEqual(['name', '=', 'test']);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('neq', () => {
+      it('should create not equal condition', () => {
+        const condition = Spec.neq('status', 'inactive');
+        expect(condition).toEqual(['status', '!=', 'inactive']);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('gt', () => {
+      it('should create greater than condition', () => {
+        const condition = Spec.gt('age', 18);
+        expect(condition).toEqual(['age', '>', 18]);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('gte', () => {
+      it('should create greater than or equal condition', () => {
+        const condition = Spec.gte('score', 80);
+        expect(condition).toEqual(['score', '>=', 80]);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('lt', () => {
+      it('should create less than condition', () => {
+        const condition = Spec.lt('price', 100);
+        expect(condition).toEqual(['price', '<', 100]);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('lte', () => {
+      it('should create less than or equal condition', () => {
+        const condition = Spec.lte('expirationDate', '2023-01-01');
+        expect(condition).toEqual(['expirationDate', '<=', '2023-01-01']);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('in', () => {
+      it('should create IN condition', () => {
+        const condition = Spec.in('role', ['admin', 'user']);
+        expect(condition).toEqual(['role', 'IN', ['admin', 'user']]);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('nin', () => {
+      it('should create NOT IN condition', () => {
+        const condition = Spec.nin('status', ['banned', 'suspended']);
+        expect(condition).toEqual(['status', 'NOT IN', ['banned', 'suspended']]);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('and', () => {
+      it('should create AND group', () => {
+        const conditions = [Spec.eq('active', true), Spec.gt('score', 80)];
+        const group = Spec.and(conditions);
+        expect(group).toEqual({ AND: [['active', '=', true], ['score', '>', 80]] });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('or', () => {
+      it('should create OR group', () => {
+        const conditions = [Spec.eq('role', 'admin'), Spec.eq('role', 'moderator')];
+        const group = Spec.or(conditions);
+        expect(group).toEqual({ OR: [['role', '=', 'admin'], ['role', '=', 'moderator']] });
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('not', () => {
+      it('should create NOT group', () => {
+        const condition = Spec.eq('deleted', true);
+        const group = Spec.not(condition);
+        expect(group).toEqual({ NOT: ['deleted', '=', true] });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('SimpleSpecification', () => {
+  describe('basic operators', () => {
+    describe('EQ operator', () => {
+      it('should match equal string values', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('name', 'test'));
+        const object = { name: 'test' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match different string values', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('name', 'test'));
+        const object = { name: 'different' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should match equal integer values', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('age', 25));
+        const object = { age: 25 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match different integer values', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('age', 25));
+        const object = { age: 30 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should match equal float values', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('price', 19.99));
+        const object = { price: 19.99 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should work with getter methods', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('name', 'test'));
+        const object = {
+          getName: () => 'test',
+        };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should work with direct property access', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('name', 'test'));
+        const object = {
+          name: 'test',
+        };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('NEQ operator', () => {
+      it('should match when values are not equal', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.neq('status', 'inactive'));
+        const object = { status: 'active' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when values are equal', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.neq('status', 'inactive'));
+        const object = { status: 'inactive' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('GT operator', () => {
+      it('should match when value is greater', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.gt('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 90 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when value is equal', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.gt('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 80 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when value is less', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.gt('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 70 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('GTE operator', () => {
+      it('should match when value is greater', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.gte('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 90 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should match when value is equal', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.gte('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 80 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when value is less', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.gte('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 70 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('LT operator', () => {
+      it('should match when value is less', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.lt('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 70 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when value is equal', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.lt('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 80 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when value is greater', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.lt('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 90 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('LTE operator', () => {
+      it('should match when value is less', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.lte('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 70 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should match when value is equal', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.lte('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 80 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when value is greater', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.lte('score', 80));
+        const object = { score: 90 };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('IN operator', () => {
+      it('should match when value is in array', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.in('role', ['admin', 'moderator']));
+        const object = { role: 'admin' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when value is not in array', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.in('role', ['admin', 'moderator']));
+        const object = { role: 'user' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when array is empty', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.in('role', []));
+        const object = { role: 'admin' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('NIN operator', () => {
+      it('should match when value is not in array', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.nin('status', ['banned', 'suspended']));
+        const object = { status: 'active' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when value is in array', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.nin('status', ['banned', 'suspended']));
+        const object = { status: 'banned' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should match when array is empty', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.nin('status', []));
+        const object = { status: 'active' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('logical groups', () => {
+    describe('AND group', () => {
+      it('should match when all conditions are met', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(
+          Spec.and([
+            Spec.eq('status', 'active'),
+            Spec.gte('score', 80),
+            Spec.in('role', ['admin', 'moderator']),
+          ])
+        );
+
+        const object = {
+          status: 'active',
+          score: 85,
+          role: 'admin',
+        };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when any condition is not met', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(
+          Spec.and([
+            Spec.eq('status', 'active'),
+            Spec.gte('score', 80),
+            Spec.in('role', ['admin', 'moderator']),
+          ])
+        );
+
+        const object1 = {
+          status: 'inactive',
+          score: 85,
+          role: 'admin',
+        };
+
+        const object2 = {
+          status: 'active',
+          score: 70,
+          role: 'admin',
+        };
+
+        const object3 = {
+          status: 'active',
+          score: 85,
+          role: 'user',
+        };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object1)).toBe(false);
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object2)).toBe(false);
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object3)).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should match when group is empty', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.and([]));
+        const object = { any: 'value' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('OR group', () => {
+      it('should match when any condition is met', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(
+          Spec.or([
+            Spec.eq('role', 'admin'),
+            Spec.gte('score', 90),
+            Spec.in('department', ['IT', 'HR']),
+          ])
+        );
+
+        const object1 = {
+          role: 'admin',
+          score: 70,
+          department: 'Finance',
+        };
+
+        const object2 = {
+          role: 'user',
+          score: 95,
+          department: 'Finance',
+        };
+
+        const object3 = {
+          role: 'user',
+          score: 70,
+          department: 'IT',
+        };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object1)).toBe(true);
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object2)).toBe(true);
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object3)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when no conditions are met', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(
+          Spec.or([
+            Spec.eq('role', 'admin'),
+            Spec.gte('score', 90),
+            Spec.in('department', ['IT', 'HR']),
+          ])
+        );
+
+        const object = {
+          role: 'user',
+          score: 70,
+          department: 'Finance',
+        };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when group is empty', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.or([]));
+        const object = { any: 'value' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+
+    describe('NOT group', () => {
+      it('should match when condition is not met', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(
+          Spec.not(Spec.eq('status', 'banned'))
+        );
+
+        const object = { status: 'active' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      it('should not match when condition is met', () => {
+        const spec = new SimpleSpecification(
+          Spec.not(Spec.eq('status', 'banned'))
+        );
+
+        const object = { status: 'banned' };
+
+        expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('nested groups', () => {
+    it('should handle nested AND-OR groups', () => {
+      const spec = new SimpleSpecification(
+        Spec.and([
+          Spec.eq('status', 'active'),
+          Spec.or([
+            Spec.gte('score', 80),
+            Spec.in('role', ['admin', 'moderator']),
+          ]),
+        ])
+      );
+
+      const matchingObject1 = {
+        status: 'active',
+        score: 85,
+        role: 'user',
+      };
+
+      const matchingObject2 = {
+        status: 'active',
+        score: 70,
+        role: 'admin',
+      };
+
+      const nonMatchingObject = {
+        status: 'inactive',
+        score: 85,
+        role: 'user',
+      };
+
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(matchingObject1)).toBe(true);
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(matchingObject2)).toBe(true);
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(nonMatchingObject)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle triple nested groups', () => {
+      const spec = new SimpleSpecification(
+        Spec.and([
+          Spec.eq('active', true),
+          Spec.not(
+            Spec.or([
+              Spec.eq('role', 'banned'),
+              Spec.eq('status', 'suspended'),
+            ])
+          ),
+        ])
+      );
+
+      const matchingObject = {
+        active: true,
+        role: 'user',
+        status: 'active',
+      };
+
+      const nonMatchingObject1 = {
+        active: false,
+        role: 'user',
+        status: 'active',
+      };
+
+      const nonMatchingObject2 = {
+        active: true,
+        role: 'banned',
+        status: 'active',
+      };
+
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(matchingObject)).toBe(true);
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(nonMatchingObject1)).toBe(false);
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(nonMatchingObject2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('edge cases', () => {
+    it('should return false when field does not exist', () => {
+      const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('nonExistentField', 'value'));
+      const object = { existingField: 'value' };
+
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle null values correctly', () => {
+      const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('optionalField', null));
+
+      const matchingObject = { optionalField: null };
+      const nonMatchingObject = { optionalField: 'value' };
+
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(matchingObject)).toBe(true);
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(nonMatchingObject)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for unknown operators', () => {
+      const spec = new SimpleSpecification(['field', 'INVALID_OP', 'value']);
+      const object = { field: 'value' };
+
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle invalid date strings gracefully', () => {
+      const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('dateField', 'invalid-date'));
+      const object = { dateField: 'invalid-date' };
+
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true); // Falls back to regular comparison
+    });
+
+    it('should handle Date objects in objects', () => {
+      const testDate = new Date('2023-01-15T10:30:00Z');
+      const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('createdAt', testDate));
+      const object = { createdAt: testDate };
+
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle date string comparisons with Date objects', () => {
+      const testDate = new Date('2023-01-15T10:30:00Z');
+      const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('createdAt', testDate.toISOString()));
+      const object = { createdAt: testDate };
+
+      expect(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getSpec', () => {
+    it('should return the original specification', () => {
+      const originalSpec = Spec.eq('field', 'value');
+      const specification = new SimpleSpecification(originalSpec);
+
+      expect(specification.getSpec()).toEqual(originalSpec);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('match method', () => {
+    it('should work as alias for isSatisfiedBy', () => {
+      const spec = new SimpleSpecification(Spec.eq('name', 'test'));
+      const object = { name: 'test' };
+
+      expect(spec.match(object)).toBe(true);
+      expect(spec.match(object)).toBe(spec.isSatisfiedBy(object));
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/specifications/item-expiration.spec.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/specifications/item-expiration.spec.ts
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { ItemEntity } from '../entities/item.entity';
+import { SimpleSpecification, Spec } from './spec.helper';
+
+export class ItemExpirationSpec {
+  isExpired(item: ItemEntity, currentTime: Date): boolean {
+    return this.getSpec(currentTime).match(item);
+  }
+
+  getSpec(currentTime: Date): SimpleSpecification<ItemEntity> {
+    return new SimpleSpecification<ItemEntity>(
+      Spec.lte('expirationDate', currentTime.toISOString())
+    );
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/specifications/spec.helper.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/specifications/spec.helper.ts
@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+import { ISpecification } from './specification.interface';
+
+export class Spec {
+  // Logical group operators
+  static readonly GROUP_AND = 'AND';
+  static readonly GROUP_OR = 'OR';
+  static readonly GROUP_NOT = 'NOT';
+
+  // Comparison operators
+  static readonly OP_EQ = '=';
+  static readonly OP_NEQ = '!=';
+  static readonly OP_GT = '>';
+  static readonly OP_GTE = '>=';
+  static readonly OP_LT = '<';
+  static readonly OP_LTE = '<=';
+  static readonly OP_IN = 'IN';
+  static readonly OP_NIN = 'NOT IN';
+
+  // Logical group helpers
+  static and(conditions: any[]): any {
+    return { [this.GROUP_AND]: conditions };
+  }
+
+  static or(conditions: any[]): any {
+    return { [this.GROUP_OR]: conditions };
+  }
+
+  static not(condition: any): any {
+    return { [this.GROUP_NOT]: condition };
+  }
+
+  // Condition helpers
+  static eq(field: string, value: any): any {
+    return [field, this.OP_EQ, value];
+  }
+
+  static neq(field: string, value: any): any {
+    return [field, this.OP_NEQ, value];
+  }
+
+  static gt(field: string, value: any): any {
+    return [field, this.OP_GT, value];
+  }
+
+  static gte(field: string, value: any): any {
+    return [field, this.OP_GTE, value];
+  }
+
+  static lt(field: string, value: any): any {
+    return [field, this.OP_LT, value];
+  }
+
+  static lte(field: string, value: any): any {
+    return [field, this.OP_LTE, value];
+  }
+
+  static in(field: string, values: any[]): any {
+    return [field, this.OP_IN, values];
+  }
+
+  static nin(field: string, values: any[]): any {
+    return [field, this.OP_NIN, values];
+  }
+}
+
+export class SimpleSpecification<T> implements ISpecification<T> {
+  private readonly spec: any;
+
+  constructor(spec: any) {
+    this.spec = spec;
+  }
+
+  isSatisfiedBy(candidate: T): boolean {
+    return this.evaluateSpec(this.spec, candidate);
+  }
+
+  getSpec(): object {
+    return this.spec;
+  }
+
+  match(object: any): boolean {
+    return this.isSatisfiedBy(object);
+  }
+
+  private evaluateSpec(spec: any, object: any): boolean {
+    // Handle logical groups
+    if (spec[Spec.GROUP_AND]) {
+      for (const subSpec of spec[Spec.GROUP_AND]) {
+        if (!this.evaluateSpec(subSpec, object)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (spec[Spec.GROUP_OR]) {
+      for (const subSpec of spec[Spec.GROUP_OR]) {
+        if (this.evaluateSpec(subSpec, object)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (spec[Spec.GROUP_NOT]) {
+      return !this.evaluateSpec(spec[Spec.GROUP_NOT], object);
+    }
+
+    // Handle simple conditions [field, op, value]
+    const [field, op, value] = spec;
+
+    // Check if field exists in the object
+    const getterMethod = 'get' + this.capitalizeFirst(field);
+    let fieldValue: any;
+
+    if (typeof object === 'object' && object !== null) {
+      if (typeof object[getterMethod] === 'function') {
+        fieldValue = object[getterMethod]();
+      } else if (field in object) {
+        fieldValue = object[field];
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Handle Date comparison
+    if (fieldValue instanceof Date && (typeof value === 'string' || value instanceof Date)) {
+      return this.compareDates(fieldValue, op, value);
+    }
+
+    // Evaluate based on operator
+    switch (op) {
+      case Spec.OP_EQ:
+        return fieldValue == value;
+      case Spec.OP_NEQ:
+        return fieldValue != value;
+      case Spec.OP_GT:
+        return fieldValue > value;
+      case Spec.OP_GTE:
+        return fieldValue >= value;
+      case Spec.OP_LT:
+        return fieldValue < value;
+      case Spec.OP_LTE:
+        return fieldValue <= value;
+      case Spec.OP_IN:
+        return Array.isArray(value) && value.includes(fieldValue);
+      case Spec.OP_NIN:
+        return Array.isArray(value) && !value.includes(fieldValue);
+      default:
+        return false; // Unknown operator
+    }
+  }
+
+  private compareDates(fieldValue: Date, op: string, value: Date | string): boolean {
+    let compareValue: Date;
+
+    if (typeof value === 'string') {
+      compareValue = new Date(value);
+      if (isNaN(compareValue.getTime())) {
+        return false; // Invalid date string
+      }
+    } else {
+      compareValue = value;
+    }
+
+    const fieldTime = fieldValue.getTime();
+    const compareTime = compareValue.getTime();
+
+    switch (op) {
+      case Spec.OP_EQ:
+        return fieldTime === compareTime;
+      case Spec.OP_NEQ:
+        return fieldTime !== compareTime;
+      case Spec.OP_GT:
+        return fieldTime > compareTime;
+      case Spec.OP_GTE:
+        return fieldTime >= compareTime;
+      case Spec.OP_LT:
+        return fieldTime < compareTime;
+      case Spec.OP_LTE:
+        return fieldTime <= compareTime;
+      default:
+        return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private capitalizeFirst(str: string): string {
+    return str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.slice(1);
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/specifications/specification.interface.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/specifications/specification.interface.ts
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+export interface ISpecification<T> {
+  isSatisfiedBy(candidate: T): boolean;
+  getSpec(): object;
+}
+
+export abstract class Specification<T> implements ISpecification<T> {
+  abstract isSatisfiedBy(candidate: T): boolean;
+  abstract getSpec(): object;
+
+  and(other: Specification<T>): Specification<T> {
+    return new AndSpecification(this, other);
+  }
+
+  or(other: Specification<T>): Specification<T> {
+    return new OrSpecification(this, other);
+  }
+
+  not(): Specification<T> {
+    return new NotSpecification(this);
+  }
+}
+
+class AndSpecification<T> extends Specification<T> {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly left: Specification<T>,
+    private readonly right: Specification<T>,
+  ) {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  isSatisfiedBy(candidate: T): boolean {
+    return this.left.isSatisfiedBy(candidate) && this.right.isSatisfiedBy(candidate);
+  }
+
+  getSpec(): object {
+    return {
+      AND: [this.left.getSpec(), this.right.getSpec()],
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+class OrSpecification<T> extends Specification<T> {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly left: Specification<T>,
+    private readonly right: Specification<T>,
+  ) {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  isSatisfiedBy(candidate: T): boolean {
+    return this.left.isSatisfiedBy(candidate) || this.right.isSatisfiedBy(candidate);
+  }
+
+  getSpec(): object {
+    return {
+      OR: [this.left.getSpec(), this.right.getSpec()],
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+class NotSpecification<T> extends Specification<T> {
+  constructor(private readonly spec: Specification<T>) {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  isSatisfiedBy(candidate: T): boolean {
+    return !this.spec.isSatisfiedBy(candidate);
+  }
+
+  getSpec(): object {
+    return {
+      NOT: this.spec.getSpec(),
+    };
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/tests/base-uuid-value-object.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/tests/base-uuid-value-object.ts
@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// This is a base test class for UUID value objects to avoid code duplication
+export abstract class BaseUuidValueObjectSpec<T> {
+  protected abstract createValueObject(uuid: string): T;
+  protected abstract generateValueObject(): T;
+  protected abstract getValidUuid(): string;
+  protected abstract getInvalidUuids(): string[];
+  protected abstract getClassName(): string;
+  protected abstract getStaticCreateMethod(): (uuid: string) => T;
+
+  // Type assertion methods to ensure the value object has the required methods
+  protected getValue(vo: T): string {
+    return (vo as any).getValue();
+  }
+
+  protected equals(vo1: T, vo2: T): boolean {
+    return (vo1 as any).equals(vo2);
+  }
+
+  protected toString(vo: T): string {
+    return (vo as any).toString();
+  }
+
+  public runTests() {
+    describe(`${this.getClassName()}`, () => {
+      describe('constructor', () => {
+        it('should create with valid UUID', () => {
+          const validUuid = this.getValidUuid();
+          const valueObject = this.createValueObject(validUuid);
+
+          expect(this.getValue(valueObject)).toBe(validUuid);
+        });
+
+        it('should throw error when UUID is empty', () => {
+          expect(() => {
+            this.createValueObject('');
+          }).toThrow(`${this.getClassName()} cannot be empty`);
+        });
+
+        it('should throw error when UUID is only whitespace', () => {
+          expect(() => {
+            this.createValueObject('   ');
+          }).toThrow(`${this.getClassName()} cannot be empty`);
+        });
+
+        it('should throw error when UUID is invalid', () => {
+          this.getInvalidUuids().forEach(uuid => {
+            expect(() => {
+              this.createValueObject(uuid);
+            }).toThrow(`${this.getClassName()} must be a valid UUID`);
+          });
+        });
+
+        it('should accept UUID with uppercase letters', () => {
+          const upperUuid = this.getValidUuid().toUpperCase();
+          const valueObject = this.createValueObject(upperUuid);
+
+          expect(this.getValue(valueObject)).toBe(upperUuid);
+        });
+
+        it('should accept UUID with mixed case', () => {
+          const mixedUuid = '550e8400-E29b-41D4-a716-446655440000';
+          const valueObject = this.createValueObject(mixedUuid);
+
+          expect(this.getValue(valueObject)).toBe(mixedUuid);
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('static methods', () => {
+        describe('generate', () => {
+          it('should generate a valid UUID', () => {
+            const valueObject = this.generateValueObject();
+            const sampleValueObject = this.createValueObject(this.getValidUuid());
+
+            expect(valueObject).toBeInstanceOf(Object.getPrototypeOf(sampleValueObject).constructor);
+            expect(this.getValue(valueObject)).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i);
+          });
+
+          it('should generate unique UUIDs', () => {
+            const valueObject1 = this.generateValueObject();
+            const valueObject2 = this.generateValueObject();
+
+            expect(this.getValue(valueObject1)).not.toBe(this.getValue(valueObject2));
+          });
+        });
+
+        describe('create', () => {
+          it('should create from valid UUID string', () => {
+            const validUuid = this.getValidUuid();
+            const valueObject = this.getStaticCreateMethod()(validUuid);
+            const sampleValueObject = this.createValueObject(this.getValidUuid());
+
+            expect(valueObject).toBeInstanceOf(Object.getPrototypeOf(sampleValueObject).constructor);
+            expect(this.getValue(valueObject)).toBe(validUuid);
+          });
+
+          it('should throw error for invalid UUID', () => {
+            expect(() => {
+              this.getStaticCreateMethod()('invalid-uuid');
+            }).toThrow(`${this.getClassName()} must be a valid UUID`);
+          });
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('getValue', () => {
+        it('should return the UUID value', () => {
+          const validUuid = this.getValidUuid();
+          const valueObject = this.createValueObject(validUuid);
+
+          expect(this.getValue(valueObject)).toBe(validUuid);
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('equals', () => {
+        it('should return true for equal value objects', () => {
+          const uuid = this.getValidUuid();
+          const valueObject1 = this.createValueObject(uuid);
+          const valueObject2 = this.createValueObject(uuid);
+
+          expect(this.equals(valueObject1, valueObject2)).toBe(true);
+        });
+
+        it('should return false for different value objects', () => {
+          const valueObject1 = this.createValueObject('550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000');
+          const valueObject2 = this.createValueObject('550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001');
+
+          expect(this.equals(valueObject1, valueObject2)).toBe(false);
+        });
+
+        it('should be case sensitive', () => {
+          const valueObject1 = this.createValueObject('550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000');
+          const valueObject2 = this.createValueObject('550E8400-E29B-41D4-A716-446655440000');
+
+          expect(this.equals(valueObject1, valueObject2)).toBe(false);
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('toString', () => {
+        it('should return string representation of UUID', () => {
+          const validUuid = this.getValidUuid();
+          const valueObject = this.createValueObject(validUuid);
+
+          expect(this.toString(valueObject)).toBe(validUuid);
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/tests/expiration-date.vo.spec.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/tests/expiration-date.vo.spec.ts
@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import { ExpirationDate } from '../expiration-date.vo';
+
+describe('ExpirationDate', () => {
+  const MOCKED_NOW = new Date('2023-01-01T12:00:00Z');
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should create ExpirationDate with valid future date', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate.setDate(futureDate.getDate() + 7); // 7 days in the future
+      const expirationDate = new ExpirationDate(futureDate);
+
+      expect(expirationDate.getValue()).toEqual(futureDate);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error when date is not a Date object', () => {
+      expect(() => {
+        new ExpirationDate('not-a-date' as any);
+      }).toThrow('Expiration date must be a Date object');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error when date is invalid', () => {
+      expect(() => {
+        new ExpirationDate(new Date('invalid-date'));
+      }).toThrow('Expiration date must be a valid date');
+    });
+
+  });
+
+  describe('static create', () => {
+    it('should create ExpirationDate from valid Date', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate.setDate(futureDate.getDate() + 7);
+      const expirationDate = ExpirationDate.create(futureDate);
+
+      expect(expirationDate).toBeInstanceOf(ExpirationDate);
+      expect(expirationDate.getValue()).toEqual(futureDate);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('static fromString', () => {
+    it('should create ExpirationDate from valid ISO date string', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate.setDate(futureDate.getDate() + 7);
+      const dateString = futureDate.toISOString();
+
+      const expirationDate = ExpirationDate.fromString(dateString);
+
+      expect(expirationDate).toBeInstanceOf(ExpirationDate);
+      expect(expirationDate.getValue()).toEqual(futureDate);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw error for invalid date string', () => {
+      expect(() => {
+        ExpirationDate.fromString('invalid-date');
+      }).toThrow('Invalid date string format');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getValue', () => {
+    it('should return a copy of the date', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate.setDate(futureDate.getDate() + 7);
+      const expirationDate = new ExpirationDate(futureDate);
+
+      const returnedDate = expirationDate.getValue();
+
+      expect(returnedDate).toEqual(futureDate);
+      expect(returnedDate).not.toBe(futureDate); // Should be a different object
+    });
+
+    it('should return immutable date', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate.setDate(futureDate.getDate() + 7);
+      const expirationDate = new ExpirationDate(futureDate);
+
+      const returnedDate = expirationDate.getValue();
+      returnedDate.setDate(returnedDate.getDate() + 1); // Try to modify
+
+      // Original should remain unchanged
+      expect(expirationDate.getValue()).toEqual(futureDate);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('format', () => {
+    it('should return ISO string format', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate.setDate(futureDate.getDate() + 7);
+      const expirationDate = new ExpirationDate(futureDate);
+
+      expect(expirationDate.format()).toBe(futureDate.toISOString());
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toISOString', () => {
+    it('should return ISO string format', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate.setDate(futureDate.getDate() + 7);
+      const expirationDate = new ExpirationDate(futureDate);
+
+      expect(expirationDate.toISOString()).toBe(futureDate.toISOString());
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toString', () => {
+    it('should return string representation', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate.setDate(futureDate.getDate() + 7);
+      const expirationDate = new ExpirationDate(futureDate);
+
+      expect(expirationDate.toString()).toBe(futureDate.toISOString());
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('equals', () => {
+    it('should return true for equal dates', () => {
+      const futureDate = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate.setDate(futureDate.getDate() + 7);
+      const expirationDate1 = new ExpirationDate(futureDate);
+      const expirationDate2 = new ExpirationDate(futureDate);
+
+      expect(expirationDate1.equals(expirationDate2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should return false for different dates', () => {
+      const futureDate1 = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate1.setDate(futureDate1.getDate() + 7);
+
+      const futureDate2 = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+      futureDate2.setDate(futureDate2.getDate() + 8);
+
+      const expirationDate1 = new ExpirationDate(futureDate1);
+      const expirationDate2 = new ExpirationDate(futureDate2);
+
+      expect(expirationDate1.equals(expirationDate2)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should return true for dates with same timestamp', () => {
+      const timestamp = MOCKED_NOW.getTime() + 86400000; // 1 day in the future
+      const date1 = new Date(timestamp);
+      const date2 = new Date(timestamp);
+
+      const expirationDate1 = new ExpirationDate(date1);
+      const expirationDate2 = new ExpirationDate(date2);
+
+      expect(expirationDate1.equals(expirationDate2)).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+});
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/tests/item-id.vo.spec.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/tests/item-id.vo.spec.ts
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { ItemId } from '../item-id.vo';
+import { BaseUuidValueObjectSpec } from './base-uuid-value-object';
+
+class ItemIdSpec extends BaseUuidValueObjectSpec<ItemId> {
+  protected createValueObject(uuid: string): ItemId {
+    return new ItemId(uuid);
+  }
+
+  protected generateValueObject(): ItemId {
+    return ItemId.generate();
+  }
+
+  protected getValidUuid(): string {
+    return '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000';
+  }
+
+  protected getInvalidUuids(): string[] {
+    return [
+      'not-a-uuid',
+      '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716', // too short
+      '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000-extra', // too long
+      '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-44665544000g', // invalid character 'g'
+      '550e8400e29b41d4a716446655440000', // missing hyphens
+    ];
+  }
+
+  protected getClassName(): string {
+    return 'Item ID';
+  }
+
+  protected getStaticCreateMethod(): (uuid: string) => ItemId {
+    return ItemId.create;
+  }
+}
+
+// Run the tests
+new ItemIdSpec().runTests();
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/tests/user-id.vo.spec.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/tests/user-id.vo.spec.ts
@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { UserId } from '../user-id.vo';
+import { BaseUuidValueObjectSpec } from './base-uuid-value-object';
+
+class UserIdSpec extends BaseUuidValueObjectSpec<UserId> {
+  protected createValueObject(uuid: string): UserId {
+    return new UserId(uuid);
+  }
+
+  protected generateValueObject(): UserId {
+    return UserId.generate();
+  }
+
+  protected getValidUuid(): string {
+    return '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000';
+  }
+
+  protected getInvalidUuids(): string[] {
+    return [
+      'not-a-uuid',
+      '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716', // too short
+      '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000-extra', // too long
+      '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-44665544000g', // invalid character 'g'
+      '550e8400e29b41d4a716446655440000', // missing hyphens
+    ];
+  }
+
+  protected getClassName(): string {
+    return 'User ID';
+  }
+
+  protected getStaticCreateMethod(): (uuid: string) => UserId {
+    return UserId.create;
+  }
+}
+
+// Run the tests
+new UserIdSpec().runTests();
+
+// Additional UserId-specific tests
+describe('UserId', () => {
+  describe('comparison with ItemId', () => {
+    it('should not be equal to ItemId with same UUID value', () => {
+      const uuid = '550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000';
+      const userId = new UserId(uuid);
+      const itemId = { getValue: () => uuid, equals: (other: any) => userId.getValue() === other.getValue() };
+
+      // This test demonstrates that UserId and ItemId are different types
+      // even if they contain the same UUID value
+      expect(userId.equals(itemId as any)).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/expiration-date.vo.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/expiration-date.vo.ts
@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+export class ExpirationDate {
+  private readonly value: Date;
+
+  constructor(value: Date) {
+    this.validateDate(value);
+    this.value = new Date(value); // Create a copy to ensure immutability
+  }
+
+  static create(value: Date): ExpirationDate {
+    return new ExpirationDate(value);
+  }
+
+  static fromString(dateString: string): ExpirationDate {
+    const date = new Date(dateString);
+    if (isNaN(date.getTime())) {
+      throw new Error('Invalid date string format');
+    }
+    return new ExpirationDate(date);
+  }
+
+  private validateDate(date: Date): void {
+    if (!(date instanceof Date)) {
+      throw new Error('Expiration date must be a Date object');
+    }
+
+    if (isNaN(date.getTime())) {
+      throw new Error('Expiration date must be a valid date');
+    }
+
+    // Note: We don't validate against current time here because:
+    // 1. Business logic allows creating expired items (they trigger ordering)
+    // 2. Validation should happen at the application layer based on business rules
+    // 3. This allows for more flexibility in testing and edge cases
+  }
+
+  getValue(): Date {
+    return new Date(this.value); // Return a copy to maintain immutability
+  }
+
+  format(): string {
+    return this.value.toISOString();
+  }
+
+  toISOString(): string {
+    return this.value.toISOString();
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.format();
+  }
+
+  equals(other: ExpirationDate): boolean {
+    return this.value.getTime() === other.value.getTime();
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/item-id.vo.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/item-id.vo.ts
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'crypto';
+
+export class ItemId {
+  private readonly value: string;
+
+  constructor(value: string) {
+    this.validateUuid(value);
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  static generate(): ItemId {
+    return new ItemId(randomUUID());
+  }
+
+  static create(value: string): ItemId {
+    return new ItemId(value);
+  }
+
+  private validateUuid(value: string): void {
+    if (!value || value.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('Item ID cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    // Simple UUID validation (8-4-4-4-12 format)
+    const uuidRegex = /^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i;
+    if (!uuidRegex.test(value)) {
+      throw new Error('Item ID must be a valid UUID');
+    }
+  }
+
+  getValue(): string {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: ItemId): boolean {
+    return this.value === other.value;
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/user-id.vo.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/domain/value-objects/user-id.vo.ts
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'crypto';
+
+export class UserId {
+  private readonly value: string;
+
+  constructor(value: string) {
+    this.validateUuid(value);
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  static generate(): UserId {
+    return new UserId(randomUUID());
+  }
+
+  static create(value: string): UserId {
+    return new UserId(value);
+  }
+
+  private validateUuid(value: string): void {
+    if (!value || value.trim().length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('User ID cannot be empty');
+    }
+
+    // Simple UUID validation (8-4-4-4-12 format)
+    const uuidRegex = /^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i;
+    if (!uuidRegex.test(value)) {
+      throw new Error('User ID must be a valid UUID');
+    }
+  }
+
+  getValue(): string {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+
+  equals(other: UserId): boolean {
+    return this.value === other.value;
+  }
+
+  toString(): string {
+    return this.value;
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/infrastructure/auth/jwt-auth.service.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/infrastructure/auth/jwt-auth.service.ts
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, UnauthorizedException, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { JwtService } from '@nestjs/jwt';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import * as bcrypt from 'bcrypt';
+import { IAuthService } from '../../application/interfaces/auth-service.interface';
+import { IUserRepository } from '../../application/interfaces/user-repository.interface';
+import { UserEntity } from '../../domain/entities/user.entity';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class JwtAuthService implements IAuthService {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(JwtAuthService.name);
+  private readonly jwtSecret: string;
+  private readonly jwtExpiration: string;
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject('IUserRepository')
+    private readonly userRepository: IUserRepository,
+    private readonly jwtService: JwtService,
+    private readonly configService: ConfigService,
+  ) {
+    this.jwtSecret = this.configService.get<string>('JWT_SECRET') || 'default-secret-key';
+    this.jwtExpiration = this.configService.get<string>('JWT_EXPIRATION') || '1h';
+  }
+
+  async authenticate(username: string, password: string): Promise<string | null> {
+    try {
+      const user = await this.userRepository.findByUsername(username);
+
+      if (!user) {
+        this.logger.warn(`User not found: ${username}`);
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      const isPasswordValid = await this.verifyPassword(password, user.getPasswordHash());
+
+      if (!isPasswordValid) {
+        this.logger.warn(`Invalid password for user: ${username}`);
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      const payload = {
+        sub: user.getId().getValue(),
+        username: user.getUsername(),
+      };
+
+      return this.jwtService.sign(payload, {
+        secret: this.jwtSecret,
+        expiresIn: this.jwtExpiration,
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Authentication error for user ${username}: ${error.message}`);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async validateToken(token: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    try {
+      await this.jwtService.verifyAsync(token, {
+        secret: this.jwtSecret,
+      });
+      return true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.warn(`Invalid token: ${error.message}`);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async getUserIdFromToken(token: string): Promise<string | null> {
+    try {
+      const payload = await this.jwtService.verifyAsync(token, {
+        secret: this.jwtSecret,
+      });
+      return payload.sub || null;
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.warn(`Failed to extract user ID from token: ${error.message}`);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async verifyPassword(password: string, hash: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    return bcrypt.compare(password, hash);
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/infrastructure/http/order-http.service.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/infrastructure/http/order-http.service.ts
@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, HttpStatus } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { HttpService } from '@nestjs/axios';
+import { firstValueFrom } from 'rxjs';
+import { AxiosError } from 'axios';
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../domain/entities/item.entity';
+import { IOrderService } from '../../application/interfaces/order-service.interface';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class OrderHttpService implements IOrderService {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(OrderHttpService.name);
+
+  constructor(private readonly httpService: HttpService) {}
+
+  async orderItem(item: ItemEntity): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      this.logger.log(`Ordering item: ${item.getId().getValue()} at URL: ${item.getOrderUrl()}`);
+
+      const orderData = {
+        itemId: item.getId().getValue(),
+        itemName: item.getName(),
+        expirationDate: item.getExpirationDate().toISOString(),
+        orderUrl: item.getOrderUrl(),
+        userId: item.getUserId().getValue(),
+        timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+      };
+
+      const response = await firstValueFrom(
+        this.httpService.post(item.getOrderUrl(), orderData, {
+          timeout: 5000, // 5 seconds timeout
+          headers: {
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            'User-Agent': 'AutoStore/1.0',
+          },
+        }),
+      );
+
+      this.logger.log(
+        `Successfully ordered item ${item.getId().getValue()}. Status: ${response.status}`,
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof AxiosError) {
+        const status = error.response?.status || HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
+        const message = error.response?.data?.message || error.message;
+
+        this.logger.error(
+          `Failed to order item ${item.getId().getValue()}. Status: ${status}, Error: ${message}`,
+        );
+
+        throw new Error(`Order service returned status ${status}: ${message}`);
+      }
+
+      this.logger.error(`Failed to order item ${item.getId().getValue()}: ${error.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`Failed to order item: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/infrastructure/repositories/tests/file-item-repository.spec.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/infrastructure/repositories/tests/file-item-repository.spec.ts
@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { FileItemRepository } from '../file-item-repository';
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../../domain/entities/item.entity';
+import { ItemId } from '../../../domain/value-objects/item-id.vo';
+import { UserId } from '../../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+import { ExpirationDate } from '../../../domain/value-objects/expiration-date.vo';
+import { SimpleSpecification } from '../../../domain/specifications/spec.helper';
+import { Spec } from '../../../domain/specifications/spec.helper';
+import { existsSync, unlinkSync, mkdirSync, rmdirSync } from 'fs';
+import { join } from 'path';
+
+describe('FileItemRepository', () => {
+  let repository: FileItemRepository;
+  let testStoragePath: string;
+
+  // Test constants - using valid UUIDs
+  const ITEM_ID_1 = '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001';
+  const ITEM_ID_2 = '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002';
+  const ITEM_ID_3 = '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003';
+  const EXPIRED_ID = '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004';
+  const VALID_ID = '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000005';
+  const NON_EXISTENT_ID = '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000099';
+  const ITEM_NAME_1 = 'Test Item 1';
+  const ITEM_NAME_2 = 'Test Item 2';
+  const ITEM_NAME_3 = 'Test Item 3';
+  const EXPIRED_NAME = 'Expired Item';
+  const VALID_NAME = 'Valid Item';
+  const ORDER_URL_1 = 'http://example.com/order1';
+  const ORDER_URL_2 = 'http://example.com/order2';
+  const ORDER_URL_3 = 'http://example.com/order3';
+  const EXPIRED_ORDER_URL = 'http://example.com/expired-order';
+  const VALID_ORDER_URL = 'http://example.com/valid-order';
+  const USER_ID_1 = '10000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001';
+  const USER_ID_2 = '10000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002';
+  const USER_ID = '10000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003';
+  const MOCKED_NOW = '2023-01-01T12:00:00.000Z';
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    testStoragePath = join(__dirname, '../../../test-data');
+
+    // Create test directory if it doesn't exist
+    if (!existsSync(testStoragePath)) {
+      mkdirSync(testStoragePath, { recursive: true });
+    }
+
+    const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      providers: [
+        {
+          provide: FileItemRepository,
+          useFactory: () => new FileItemRepository(testStoragePath),
+        },
+      ],
+    }).compile();
+
+    repository = module.get<FileItemRepository>(FileItemRepository);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    // Clean up test files
+    const filePath = join(testStoragePath, 'items.json');
+    if (existsSync(filePath)) {
+      unlinkSync(filePath);
+    }
+
+    // Remove storage dir if empty
+    try {
+      rmdirSync(testStoragePath);
+    } catch (e) {
+      // Directory not empty, ignore
+    }
+  });
+
+  const createTestItem1 = (): ItemEntity => {
+    return new ItemEntity(
+      ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_1),
+      ITEM_NAME_1,
+      ExpirationDate.create(new Date(Date.now() + 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)), // +1 day
+      ORDER_URL_1,
+      UserId.create(USER_ID_1),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const createTestItem2 = (): ItemEntity => {
+    return new ItemEntity(
+      ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_2),
+      ITEM_NAME_2,
+      ExpirationDate.create(new Date(MOCKED_NOW)),
+      ORDER_URL_2,
+      UserId.create(USER_ID_2),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const createTestItem3 = (): ItemEntity => {
+    return new ItemEntity(
+      ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_3),
+      ITEM_NAME_3,
+      ExpirationDate.create(new Date(MOCKED_NOW)),
+      ORDER_URL_3,
+      UserId.create(USER_ID_1),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const createExpiredItem = (): ItemEntity => {
+    return new ItemEntity(
+      ItemId.create(EXPIRED_ID),
+      EXPIRED_NAME,
+      ExpirationDate.create(new Date('2022-01-01T12:00:00.000Z')), // Past date
+      EXPIRED_ORDER_URL,
+      UserId.create(USER_ID),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const createValidItem = (): ItemEntity => {
+    return new ItemEntity(
+      ItemId.create(VALID_ID),
+      VALID_NAME,
+      ExpirationDate.create(new Date('2024-01-01T12:00:00.000Z')), // Future date
+      VALID_ORDER_URL,
+      UserId.create(USER_ID),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const createExpiredItemForUser1 = (): ItemEntity => {
+    return new ItemEntity(
+      ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_1),
+      ITEM_NAME_1,
+      ExpirationDate.create(new Date('2022-01-01T12:00:00.000Z')), // Past date
+      ORDER_URL_1,
+      UserId.create(USER_ID_1),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const createValidItemForUser1 = (): ItemEntity => {
+    return new ItemEntity(
+      ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_2),
+      ITEM_NAME_2,
+      ExpirationDate.create(new Date('2024-01-01T12:00:00.000Z')), // Future date
+      ORDER_URL_2,
+      UserId.create(USER_ID_1),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const createExpiredItemForUser2 = (): ItemEntity => {
+    return new ItemEntity(
+      ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_3),
+      ITEM_NAME_3,
+      ExpirationDate.create(new Date('2022-01-01T12:00:00.000Z')), // Past date
+      ORDER_URL_3,
+      UserId.create(USER_ID_2),
+    );
+  };
+
+  it('should create file when item is saved', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const item = createTestItem1();
+
+    // When
+    await repository.save(item);
+
+    // Then
+    const filePath = join(testStoragePath, 'items.json');
+    expect(existsSync(filePath)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return item when finding by existing id', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const item = createTestItem1();
+    await repository.save(item);
+
+    // When
+    const foundItem = await repository.findById(ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_1));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(foundItem).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(foundItem?.getId().getValue()).toBe(item.getId().getValue());
+    expect(foundItem?.getName()).toBe(item.getName());
+  });
+
+  it('should return null when finding by non-existent id', async () => {
+    // When
+    const foundItem = await repository.findById(ItemId.create(NON_EXISTENT_ID));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(foundItem).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('should return all user items when finding by user id', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const item1 = createTestItem1();
+    const item2 = createTestItem2();
+    const item3 = createTestItem3();
+
+    await repository.save(item1);
+    await repository.save(item2);
+    await repository.save(item3);
+
+    // When
+    const userItems = await repository.findByUserId(UserId.create(USER_ID_1));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(userItems).toHaveLength(2);
+    const itemIds = userItems.map(i => i.getId().getValue());
+    expect(itemIds).toContain(ITEM_ID_1);
+    expect(itemIds).toContain(ITEM_ID_3);
+  });
+
+  it('should return all items when finding all', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const item1 = createTestItem1();
+    const item2 = createTestItem2();
+
+    await repository.save(item1);
+    await repository.save(item2);
+
+    // When
+    const allItems = await repository.findByUserId(UserId.create('20000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001')); // Non-existent user
+
+    // Then
+    expect(allItems).toHaveLength(0); // This will be 0 since we're filtering by a non-existent user
+  });
+
+  it('should delete item when delete is called', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const item = createTestItem1();
+    await repository.save(item);
+
+    // When
+    await repository.delete(ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_1));
+
+    // Then
+    const foundItem = await repository.findById(ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_1));
+    expect(foundItem).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('should throw exception when deleting non-existent item', async () => {
+    // Given & When & Then
+    await expect(repository.delete(ItemId.create(NON_EXISTENT_ID)))
+      .rejects.toThrow(`Item '${NON_EXISTENT_ID}' not found`);
+  });
+
+  it('should return only expired items when filtering by expiration', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const expiredItem = createExpiredItem();
+    const validItem = createValidItem();
+
+    await repository.save(expiredItem);
+    await repository.save(validItem);
+
+    // When
+    const now = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+    const specification = new SimpleSpecification<ItemEntity>(
+      Spec.lte('expirationDate', now.toISOString())
+    );
+
+    const expiredItems = await repository.findWhere(specification);
+
+    // Then
+    expect(expiredItems).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(expiredItems[0].getId().getValue()).toBe(expiredItem.getId().getValue());
+  });
+
+  it('should return only user items when filtering by user id', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const item1 = createTestItem1();
+    const item2 = createTestItem2();
+    const item3 = createTestItem3();
+
+    await repository.save(item1);
+    await repository.save(item2);
+    await repository.save(item3);
+
+    // When
+    const specification = new SimpleSpecification<ItemEntity>(
+      Spec.eq('userId', USER_ID_1)
+    );
+
+    const userItems = await repository.findWhere(specification);
+
+    // Then
+    expect(userItems).toHaveLength(2);
+    const itemIds = userItems.map(i => i.getId().getValue());
+    expect(itemIds).toContain(ITEM_ID_1);
+    expect(itemIds).toContain(ITEM_ID_3);
+  });
+
+  it('should return only matching items when using complex filter', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const item1 = createExpiredItemForUser1();
+    const item2 = createValidItemForUser1();
+    const item3 = createExpiredItemForUser2();
+
+    await repository.save(item1);
+    await repository.save(item2);
+    await repository.save(item3);
+
+    // When
+    const now = new Date(MOCKED_NOW);
+    const specification = new SimpleSpecification<ItemEntity>(
+      Spec.and([
+        Spec.eq('userId', USER_ID_1),
+        Spec.lte('expirationDate', now.toISOString())
+      ])
+    );
+
+    const filteredItems = await repository.findWhere(specification);
+
+    // Then
+    expect(filteredItems).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(filteredItems[0].getId().getValue()).toBe(item1.getId().getValue());
+  });
+
+  it('should return true when checking existence of existing item', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const item = createTestItem1();
+    await repository.save(item);
+
+    // When
+    const exists = await repository.exists(ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_1));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(exists).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when checking existence of non-existent item', async () => {
+    // When
+    const exists = await repository.exists(ItemId.create(NON_EXISTENT_ID));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(exists).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should share the same underlying file between different repository instances', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const repository1 = new FileItemRepository(testStoragePath);
+    const repository2 = new FileItemRepository(testStoragePath);
+    const item = createTestItem1();
+
+    // When
+    await repository1.save(item);
+    const foundItem = await repository2.findById(ItemId.create(ITEM_ID_1));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(foundItem).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(foundItem?.getId().getValue()).toBe(item.getId().getValue());
+    expect(foundItem?.getName()).toBe(item.getName());
+    expect(foundItem?.getOrderUrl()).toBe(item.getOrderUrl());
+    expect(foundItem?.getUserId().getValue()).toBe(item.getUserId().getValue());
+  });
+});
--- a/nestjs/src/infrastructure/repositories/tests/file-user-repository.spec.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/infrastructure/repositories/tests/file-user-repository.spec.ts
@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { FileUserRepository } from '../file-user-repository';
+import { UserEntity } from '../../../domain/entities/user.entity';
+import { UserId } from '../../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+import { existsSync, unlinkSync, mkdirSync, rmdirSync } from 'fs';
+import { join } from 'path';
+
+describe('FileUserRepository', () => {
+  let repository: FileUserRepository;
+  let testStoragePath: string;
+
+  // Test constants - using valid UUIDs
+  const USER_ID_1 = '10000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001';
+  const USER_ID_2 = '10000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002';
+  const NON_EXISTENT_ID = '10000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000099';
+  const USERNAME_1 = 'testuser1';
+  const USERNAME_2 = 'testuser2';
+  const PASSWORD_HASH_1 = 'hashedpassword123';
+  const PASSWORD_HASH_2 = 'hashedpassword456';
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    testStoragePath = join(__dirname, '../../../test-data');
+
+    // Create test directory if it doesn't exist
+    if (!existsSync(testStoragePath)) {
+      mkdirSync(testStoragePath, { recursive: true });
+    }
+
+    const module: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      providers: [
+        {
+          provide: FileUserRepository,
+          useFactory: () => new FileUserRepository(testStoragePath),
+        },
+      ],
+    }).compile();
+
+    repository = module.get<FileUserRepository>(FileUserRepository);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    // Clean up test files
+    const filePath = join(testStoragePath, 'users.json');
+    if (existsSync(filePath)) {
+      unlinkSync(filePath);
+    }
+
+    // Remove storage dir if empty
+    try {
+      rmdirSync(testStoragePath);
+    } catch (e) {
+      // Directory not empty, ignore
+    }
+  });
+
+  const createTestUser1 = (): UserEntity => {
+    return new UserEntity(
+      UserId.create(USER_ID_1),
+      USERNAME_1,
+      PASSWORD_HASH_1,
+    );
+  };
+
+  const createTestUser2 = (): UserEntity => {
+    return new UserEntity(
+      UserId.create(USER_ID_2),
+      USERNAME_2,
+      PASSWORD_HASH_2,
+    );
+  };
+
+  it('should create file when user is saved', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const user = createTestUser1();
+
+    // When
+    await repository.save(user);
+
+    // Then
+    const filePath = join(testStoragePath, 'users.json');
+    expect(existsSync(filePath)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return user when finding by existing id', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const user = createTestUser1();
+    await repository.save(user);
+
+    // When
+    const foundUser = await repository.findById(UserId.create(USER_ID_1));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(foundUser).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(foundUser?.getId().getValue()).toBe(user.getId().getValue());
+    expect(foundUser?.getUsername()).toBe(user.getUsername());
+    expect(foundUser?.getPasswordHash()).toBe(user.getPasswordHash());
+  });
+
+  it('should return null when finding by non-existent id', async () => {
+    // When
+    const foundUser = await repository.findById(UserId.create(NON_EXISTENT_ID));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(foundUser).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('should return user when finding by existing username', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const user = createTestUser1();
+    await repository.save(user);
+
+    // When
+    const foundUser = await repository.findByUsername(USERNAME_1);
+
+    // Then
+    expect(foundUser).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(foundUser?.getId().getValue()).toBe(user.getId().getValue());
+    expect(foundUser?.getUsername()).toBe(user.getUsername());
+    expect(foundUser?.getPasswordHash()).toBe(user.getPasswordHash());
+  });
+
+  it('should return null when finding by non-existent username', async () => {
+    // When
+    const foundUser = await repository.findByUsername('nonexistent');
+
+    // Then
+    expect(foundUser).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it('should throw exception when saving user with duplicate username', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const user1 = createTestUser1();
+    const user2 = new UserEntity(
+      UserId.create(USER_ID_2),
+      USERNAME_1, // Same username as user1
+      PASSWORD_HASH_2,
+    );
+
+    await repository.save(user1);
+
+    // When & Then
+    await expect(repository.save(user2))
+      .rejects.toThrow(`Username '${USERNAME_1}' is already taken`);
+  });
+
+  it('should allow saving user with same username if it\'s the same user', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const user = createTestUser1();
+    await repository.save(user);
+
+    // When - saving the same user again (updating)
+    await repository.save(user);
+
+    // Then - should not throw an exception
+    const foundUser = await repository.findById(UserId.create(USER_ID_1));
+    expect(foundUser).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(foundUser?.getUsername()).toBe(USERNAME_1);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true when checking existence of existing user by id', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const user = createTestUser1();
+    await repository.save(user);
+
+    // When
+    const exists = await repository.exists(UserId.create(USER_ID_1));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(exists).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when checking existence of non-existent user by id', async () => {
+    // When
+    const exists = await repository.exists(UserId.create(NON_EXISTENT_ID));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(exists).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true when checking existence of existing user by username', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const user = createTestUser1();
+    await repository.save(user);
+
+    // When
+    const exists = await repository.existsByUsername(USERNAME_1);
+
+    // Then
+    expect(exists).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when checking existence of non-existent user by username', async () => {
+    // When
+    const exists = await repository.existsByUsername('nonexistent');
+
+    // Then
+    expect(exists).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should share the same underlying file between different repository instances', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const repository1 = new FileUserRepository(testStoragePath);
+    const repository2 = new FileUserRepository(testStoragePath);
+    const user = createTestUser1();
+
+    // When
+    await repository1.save(user);
+    const foundUser = await repository2.findById(UserId.create(USER_ID_1));
+
+    // Then
+    expect(foundUser).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(foundUser?.getId().getValue()).toBe(user.getId().getValue());
+    expect(foundUser?.getUsername()).toBe(user.getUsername());
+    expect(foundUser?.getPasswordHash()).toBe(user.getPasswordHash());
+  });
+
+  it('should handle multiple users correctly', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const user1 = createTestUser1();
+    const user2 = createTestUser2();
+
+    // When
+    await repository.save(user1);
+    await repository.save(user2);
+
+    // Then
+    const foundUser1 = await repository.findById(UserId.create(USER_ID_1));
+    const foundUser2 = await repository.findById(UserId.create(USER_ID_2));
+
+    expect(foundUser1).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(foundUser2).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(foundUser1?.getUsername()).toBe(USERNAME_1);
+    expect(foundUser2?.getUsername()).toBe(USERNAME_2);
+  });
+
+  it('should find correct user by username when multiple users exist', async () => {
+    // Given
+    const user1 = createTestUser1();
+    const user2 = createTestUser2();
+
+    await repository.save(user1);
+    await repository.save(user2);
+
+    // When
+    const foundUser = await repository.findByUsername(USERNAME_2);
+
+    // Then
+    expect(foundUser).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(foundUser?.getId().getValue()).toBe(USER_ID_2);
+    expect(foundUser?.getUsername()).toBe(USERNAME_2);
+    expect(foundUser?.getPasswordHash()).toBe(PASSWORD_HASH_2);
+  });
+});
--- a/nestjs/src/infrastructure/repositories/file-item-repository.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/infrastructure/repositories/file-item-repository.ts
@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { writeFileSync, readFileSync, existsSync, mkdirSync } from 'fs';
+import { join } from 'path';
+import { IItemRepository } from '../../application/interfaces/item-repository.interface';
+import { ItemEntity } from '../../domain/entities/item.entity';
+import { ItemId } from '../../domain/value-objects/item-id.vo';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+import { ExpirationDate } from '../../domain/value-objects/expiration-date.vo';
+import { ISpecification } from '../../domain/specifications/specification.interface';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class FileItemRepository implements IItemRepository {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(FileItemRepository.name);
+  private readonly filePath: string;
+
+  constructor(storagePath: string = './data') {
+    // Ensure the storage directory exists
+    if (!existsSync(storagePath)) {
+      mkdirSync(storagePath, { recursive: true });
+    }
+    this.filePath = join(storagePath, 'items.json');
+
+    // Initialize the file if it doesn't exist
+    if (!existsSync(this.filePath)) {
+      writeFileSync(this.filePath, JSON.stringify({}));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private readItems(): Record<string, any> {
+    try {
+      const fileContent = readFileSync(this.filePath, 'utf-8');
+      return JSON.parse(fileContent);
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Error reading items file: ${error.message}`);
+      return {};
+    }
+  }
+
+  private writeItems(items: Record<string, any>): void {
+    try {
+      writeFileSync(this.filePath, JSON.stringify(items, null, 2));
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Error writing items file: ${error.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`Failed to save items: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private entityToPlain(item: ItemEntity): any {
+    return {
+      id: item.getId().getValue(),
+      name: item.getName(),
+      expirationDate: item.getExpirationDate().toISOString(),
+      orderUrl: item.getOrderUrl(),
+      userId: item.getUserId().getValue(),
+      createdAt: item.getCreatedAt().toISOString(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private plainToEntity(itemData: any): ItemEntity {
+    return new ItemEntity(
+      ItemId.create(itemData.id),
+      itemData.name,
+      ExpirationDate.fromString(itemData.expirationDate),
+      itemData.orderUrl,
+      UserId.create(itemData.userId),
+    );
+  }
+
+  async save(item: ItemEntity): Promise<void> {
+    const items = this.readItems();
+    const itemId = item.getId().getValue();
+
+    items[itemId] = this.entityToPlain(item);
+    this.writeItems(items);
+
+    this.logger.log(`Item ${itemId} saved successfully`);
+  }
+
+  async findById(id: ItemId): Promise<ItemEntity | null> {
+    const items = this.readItems();
+    const itemId = id.getValue();
+
+    if (!items[itemId]) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return this.plainToEntity(items[itemId]);
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Error parsing item ${itemId}: ${error.message}`);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: UserId): Promise<ItemEntity[]> {
+    const items = this.readItems();
+    const userIdValue = userId.getValue();
+    const userItems: ItemEntity[] = [];
+
+    for (const itemId in items) {
+      try {
+        if (items[itemId].userId === userIdValue) {
+          userItems.push(this.plainToEntity(items[itemId]));
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger.error(`Error parsing item ${itemId}: ${error.message}`);
+        // Skip invalid items
+      }
+    }
+
+    return userItems;
+  }
+
+  async findWhere(specification: ISpecification<ItemEntity>): Promise<ItemEntity[]> {
+    const items = this.readItems();
+    const matchingItems: ItemEntity[] = [];
+
+    for (const itemId in items) {
+      try {
+        const item = this.plainToEntity(items[itemId]);
+
+        if (specification.isSatisfiedBy(item)) {
+          matchingItems.push(item);
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger.error(`Error parsing item ${itemId}: ${error.message}`);
+        // Skip invalid items
+      }
+    }
+
+    return matchingItems;
+  }
+
+  async delete(id: ItemId): Promise<void> {
+    const items = this.readItems();
+    const itemId = id.getValue();
+
+    if (!items[itemId]) {
+      throw new Error(`Item '${itemId}' not found`);
+    }
+
+    delete items[itemId];
+    this.writeItems(items);
+
+    this.logger.log(`Item ${itemId} deleted successfully`);
+  }
+
+  async exists(id: ItemId): Promise<boolean> {
+    const items = this.readItems();
+    const itemId = id.getValue();
+
+    return !!items[itemId];
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/infrastructure/repositories/file-user-repository.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/infrastructure/repositories/file-user-repository.ts
@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { writeFileSync, readFileSync, existsSync, mkdirSync } from 'fs';
+import { join } from 'path';
+import { IUserRepository } from '../../application/interfaces/user-repository.interface';
+import { UserEntity } from '../../domain/entities/user.entity';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class FileUserRepository implements IUserRepository {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(FileUserRepository.name);
+  private readonly filePath: string;
+
+  constructor(storagePath: string = './data') {
+    // Ensure the storage directory exists
+    if (!existsSync(storagePath)) {
+      mkdirSync(storagePath, { recursive: true });
+    }
+    this.filePath = join(storagePath, 'users.json');
+
+    // Initialize the file if it doesn't exist
+    if (!existsSync(this.filePath)) {
+      writeFileSync(this.filePath, JSON.stringify({}));
+    }
+  }
+
+  private readUsers(): Record<string, any> {
+    try {
+      const fileContent = readFileSync(this.filePath, 'utf-8');
+      return JSON.parse(fileContent);
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Error reading users file: ${error.message}`);
+      return {};
+    }
+  }
+
+  private writeUsers(users: Record<string, any>): void {
+    try {
+      writeFileSync(this.filePath, JSON.stringify(users, null, 2));
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Error writing users file: ${error.message}`);
+      throw new Error(`Failed to save users: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private entityToPlain(user: UserEntity): any {
+    return {
+      id: user.getId().getValue(),
+      username: user.getUsername(),
+      passwordHash: user.getPasswordHash(),
+      createdAt: user.getCreatedAt().toISOString(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  private plainToEntity(userData: any): UserEntity {
+    return new UserEntity(
+      UserId.create(userData.id),
+      userData.username,
+      userData.passwordHash,
+    );
+  }
+
+  async save(user: UserEntity): Promise<void> {
+    const users = this.readUsers();
+    const userId = user.getId().getValue();
+    const username = user.getUsername();
+
+    // Check if username already exists for a different user
+    for (const existingUserId in users) {
+      if (existingUserId !== userId && users[existingUserId].username === username) {
+        throw new Error(`Username '${username}' is already taken`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    users[userId] = this.entityToPlain(user);
+    this.writeUsers(users);
+
+    this.logger.log(`User ${userId} saved successfully`);
+  }
+
+  async findById(id: UserId): Promise<UserEntity | null> {
+    const users = this.readUsers();
+    const userId = id.getValue();
+
+    if (!users[userId]) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      return this.plainToEntity(users[userId]);
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Error parsing user ${userId}: ${error.message}`);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async findByUsername(username: string): Promise<UserEntity | null> {
+    const users = this.readUsers();
+
+    for (const userId in users) {
+      try {
+        if (users[userId].username === username) {
+          return this.plainToEntity(users[userId]);
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.logger.error(`Error parsing user ${userId}: ${error.message}`);
+        // Skip invalid users
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  async exists(id: UserId): Promise<boolean> {
+    const users = this.readUsers();
+    const userId = id.getValue();
+
+    return !!users[userId];
+  }
+
+  async existsByUsername(username: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    const users = this.readUsers();
+
+    for (const userId in users) {
+      if (users[userId].username === username) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/infrastructure/services/system-time.provider.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/infrastructure/services/system-time.provider.ts
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ITimeProvider } from '../../application/interfaces/time-provider.interface';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class SystemTimeProvider implements ITimeProvider {
+  now(): Date {
+    return new Date();
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/infrastructure/services/user-initialization.service.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/infrastructure/services/user-initialization.service.ts
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { Injectable, Logger, OnModuleInit, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
+import * as bcrypt from 'bcrypt';
+import { IUserRepository } from '../../application/interfaces/user-repository.interface';
+import { UserEntity } from '../../domain/entities/user.entity';
+import { UserId } from '../../domain/value-objects/user-id.vo';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class UserInitializationService implements OnModuleInit {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(UserInitializationService.name);
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject('IUserRepository')
+    private readonly userRepository: IUserRepository,
+  ) {}
+
+  async onModuleInit(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.createDefaultUsers();
+  }
+
+  async createDefaultUsers(): Promise<void> {
+    const defaultUsers = [
+      { username: 'admin', password: 'admin' },
+      { username: 'user', password: 'user' }
+    ];
+
+    for (const userData of defaultUsers) {
+      const userExists = await this.userRepository.existsByUsername(userData.username);
+
+      if (!userExists) {
+        const passwordHash = await bcrypt.hash(userData.password, 10);
+        const user = new UserEntity(
+          UserId.generate(),
+          userData.username,
+          passwordHash,
+        );
+
+        await this.userRepository.save(user);
+        this.logger.log(`Created default user: ${userData.username}`);
+      } else {
+        this.logger.log(`Default user already exists: ${userData.username}`);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/main.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/main.ts
@ -1,8 +1,27 @@
 import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
+import { ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { AppModule } from './app.module';

 async function bootstrap() {
  const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule);
+
+  // Enable CORS
+  app.enableCors();
+
+  // Global validation pipe
+  app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({
+    whitelist: true,
+    forbidNonWhitelisted: true,
+    transform: true,
+    transformOptions: {
+      enableImplicitConversion: true,
+    },
+  }));
+
+  // API versioning
+  app.setGlobalPrefix('api/v1');
+
  await app.listen(3000);
+  console.log('Application is running on: http://localhost:3000/api/v1');
 }
 bootstrap();
--- a/nestjs/src/presentation/controllers/auth.controller.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/presentation/controllers/auth.controller.ts
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { Controller, Post, Body, HttpCode, HttpStatus } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { LoginDto, LoginResponseDto } from '../../application/dto/login.dto';
+import { JSendResponseUtil } from '../../common/utils/jsend-response.util';
+import { LoginUserCommand } from '../../application/commands/login-user.command';
+
+@Controller()
+export class AuthController {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly loginUserCommand: LoginUserCommand,
+  ) {}
+
+  @Post('login')
+  @HttpCode(HttpStatus.OK)
+  async login(@Body() loginDto: LoginDto): Promise<any> {
+    try {
+      const token = await this.loginUserCommand.execute(loginDto.username, loginDto.password);
+
+      const response: LoginResponseDto = {
+        token,
+        tokenType: 'Bearer',
+        expiresIn: 3600, // 1 hour in seconds
+      };
+
+      return JSendResponseUtil.success(response);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.constructor.name === 'UnauthorizedException') {
+        return JSendResponseUtil.error(
+          error.message,
+          HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED,
+        );
+      }
+
+      return JSendResponseUtil.error(
+        'Authentication failed',
+        HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/presentation/controllers/items.controller.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/presentation/controllers/items.controller.ts
@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import {
+  Controller,
+  Get,
+  Post,
+  Delete,
+  Body,
+  Param,
+  HttpCode,
+  HttpStatus,
+  Req,
+  UseGuards,
+  HttpException,
+  NotFoundException,
+  UnauthorizedException,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Request } from 'express';
+import { CreateItemDto, ItemResponseDto } from '../../application/dto/create-item.dto';
+import { JSendResponseUtil } from '../../common/utils/jsend-response.util';
+import { AddItemCommand } from '../../application/commands/add-item.command';
+import { DeleteItemCommand } from '../../application/commands/delete-item.command';
+import { GetItemQuery } from '../../application/queries/get-item.query';
+import { ListItemsQuery } from '../../application/queries/list-items.query';
+import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+
+@Controller('items')
+@UseGuards(JwtAuthGuard)
+export class ItemsController {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly addItemCommand: AddItemCommand,
+    private readonly deleteItemCommand: DeleteItemCommand,
+    private readonly getItemQuery: GetItemQuery,
+    private readonly listItemsQuery: ListItemsQuery,
+  ) { }
+
+  @Post()
+  @HttpCode(HttpStatus.CREATED)
+  async createItem(@Body() createItemDto: CreateItemDto, @Req() req: Request): Promise<any> {
+    try {
+      const userId = req['userId'];
+
+      const itemId = await this.addItemCommand.execute(
+        createItemDto.name,
+        createItemDto.expirationDate,
+        createItemDto.orderUrl,
+        userId,
+      );
+
+      const response: ItemResponseDto = {
+        id: itemId,
+        name: createItemDto.name,
+        expirationDate: createItemDto.expirationDate,
+        orderUrl: createItemDto.orderUrl,
+        userId,
+        createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      };
+
+      return JSendResponseUtil.success(response);
+    } catch (error) {
+      return JSendResponseUtil.error(
+        error.message || 'Failed to create item',
+        HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Get()
+  @HttpCode(HttpStatus.OK)
+  async listItems(@Req() req: Request): Promise<any> {
+    try {
+      const userId = req['userId'];
+      const items = await this.listItemsQuery.execute(userId);
+
+      const response: ItemResponseDto[] = items.map(item => ({
+        id: item.getId().getValue(),
+        name: item.getName(),
+        expirationDate: item.getExpirationDate().toISOString(),
+        orderUrl: item.getOrderUrl(),
+        userId: item.getUserId().getValue(),
+        createdAt: item.getCreatedAt().toISOString(),
+      }));
+
+      return JSendResponseUtil.success(response);
+    } catch (error) {
+      return JSendResponseUtil.error(
+        error.message || 'Failed to list items',
+        HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  @Get(':id')
+  async getItem(@Param('id') id: string, @Req() req: Request): Promise<any> {
+    try {
+      const userId = req['userId'];
+      const item = await this.getItemQuery.execute(id, userId);
+
+      const response: ItemResponseDto = {
+        id: item.getId().getValue(),
+        name: item.getName(),
+        expirationDate: item.getExpirationDate().toISOString(),
+        orderUrl: item.getOrderUrl(),
+        userId: item.getUserId().getValue(),
+        createdAt: item.getCreatedAt().toISOString(),
+      };
+
+      return JSendResponseUtil.success(response);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof NotFoundException) {
+        throw new HttpException(
+          JSendResponseUtil.error(error.message, HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND),
+          HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (error instanceof UnauthorizedException) {
+        throw new HttpException(
+          JSendResponseUtil.error(error.message, HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED),
+          HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED
+        );
+      }
+
+      throw new HttpException(
+        JSendResponseUtil.error(error.message || 'Failed to get item', HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR),
+        HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  @Delete(':id')
+  @HttpCode(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT)
+  async deleteItem(@Param('id') id: string, @Req() req: Request): Promise<any> {
+    try {
+      const userId = req['userId'];
+      await this.deleteItemCommand.execute(id, userId);
+
+      return JSendResponseUtil.success(null);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof NotFoundException) {
+        throw new HttpException(
+          JSendResponseUtil.error(error.message, HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND),
+          HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (error instanceof UnauthorizedException) {
+        throw new HttpException(
+          JSendResponseUtil.error(error.message, HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED),
+          HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED
+        );
+      }
+
+      throw new HttpException(
+        JSendResponseUtil.error(error.message || 'Failed to delete item', HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR),
+        HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/nestjs/src/presentation/guards/jwt-auth.guard.ts
+++ b/nestjs/src/presentation/guards/jwt-auth.guard.ts
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { Injectable, CanActivate, ExecutionContext, UnauthorizedException, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Request } from 'express';
+import { IAuthService } from '../../application/interfaces/auth-service.interface';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class JwtAuthGuard implements CanActivate {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject('IAuthService')
+    private readonly authService: IAuthService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async canActivate(context: ExecutionContext): Promise<boolean> {
+    const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest<Request>();
+    const token = this.extractTokenFromHeader(request);
+
+    if (!token) {
+      throw new UnauthorizedException('JWT token is missing');
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const isValid = await this.authService.validateToken(token);
+
+      if (!isValid) {
+        throw new UnauthorizedException('Invalid JWT token');
+      }
+
+      const userId = await this.authService.getUserIdFromToken(token);
+
+      if (!userId) {
+        throw new UnauthorizedException('Unable to extract user ID from token');
+      }
+
+      // Attach user ID to request for use in controllers
+      request['userId'] = userId;
+
+      return true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof UnauthorizedException) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      throw new UnauthorizedException('Authentication failed');
+    }
+  }
+
+  private extractTokenFromHeader(request: Request): string | undefined {
+    const authHeader = request.headers.authorization;
+
+    if (!authHeader) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    const [type, token] = authHeader.split(' ') ?? [];
+
+    return type === 'Bearer' ? token : undefined;
+  }
+}
--- a/testing/tavern/test_plans/items_api.tavern.yaml
+++ b/testing/tavern/test_plans/items_api.tavern.yaml
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ stages:

  - name: "Get single non-existing item"
    request:
-      url: "http://{server_address}:{server_port}/{api_base}/items/9999"
+      url: "http://{server_address}:{server_port}/{api_base}/items/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
      method: GET
      headers:
        Authorization: "Bearer {user_token}"